This paper presents a new approach to study the effects of temperature on the poroelastic and viscoelastic behavior of articular cartilage. Biphasic solid-fluid mixture theory is applied to study the poro-mechancial behavior of articular cartilage in a fully saturated state. The balance of linear momentum, mass, and energy are considered to describe deformation of the solid skeleton, pore fluid...

Articular cartilage chondrocytes are responsible for the synthesis, maintenance, and turnover of the extracellular matrix, metabolic processes that contribute to the mechanical properties of these cells. Here, we systematically evaluated the effect of age and cytoskeletal disruptors on the mechanical properties of chondrocytes as a function of deformation. We quantified the indentation-dependen...

Contemporary computer models of the thorax designed to predict injury in automobile collisions model the costal cartilage as a homogeneous material using properties derived from local material characterization tests. No studies have validated the accuracy of these models in predicting the structural mechanics of costal cartilage. Two heterogeneities - the perichondrium and calcified regions - m...

The progression of local cartilage surface damage toward early stage osteoarthritis (OA) likely depends on the severity of the damage and its impact on the local lubrication and stress distribution in the surrounding tissue. It is difficult to study the local responses using traditional methods; in-situ microtribological methods are being pursued here as a means to elucidate the mechanical aspe...

Knee articular cartilage exhibits complex mechanical behavior, even under high strain rates, which poses a challenge to developing accurate and efficient cartilage models. In particular, the tissue's stress–strain response is non-linear and the stiffness of the response is location-dependent. Hyperelastic models such as those of Alan Gent and others have increasingly found use in soft tissue bi...

Proteoglycans are probably the most important nonfibrillar constituents of connective tissue although little is known about the proteoglycans of connective tissue other than cartilage. Hence this paper is mainly concerned with cartilage proteoglycans. Proteoglycans are found throughout connective tissue, but those of cartilage have certain features that distinguish them from proteoglycans of ot...

Fibulin-2 is an extracellular matrix protein belonging to the five-member fibulin family, of which two members have been shown to play essential roles in elastic fiber formation during development. Fibulin-2 interacts with two major constituents of elastic fibers, tropoelastin and fibrillin-1, in vitro and localizes to elastic fibers in many tissues in vivo. The protein is prominently expressed...

Richard L. Ehman Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States Introduction The anatomy and function of the musculoskeletal system is strongly determined by the mechanical properties of its component tissues: bone, muscle, tendon, ligament, cartilage, and adipose tissue. Efforts to better understand musculoskeletal biomechanics in health and disease have created an increase...

We appreciate the concern shown by Zheng and Huang [1] regarding our earlier article [2]. We presented simple data showing that the ultrasound response of articular cartilage may be related to its International Cartilage Repair Society grading, and concluded that ultrasound evaluation using the signal intensity – dependent on the ultrasound reflection coefficient at the cartilage surface – may ...

COMSOL finite element software was used to establish a solid-liquid coupling biphasic model of articular cartilage and a microscopic model of chondrocytes, using modeling to take into account the shape and number of chondrocytes in cartilage lacuna in each layer. The effects of cyclic loading at different frequencies on the micromechanical environment of chondrocytes in different regions of the...