Thermoelectric devices that utilize the Seebeck effect convert heat flow into electrical energy and are highly desirable for the development of portable, solid state, passively powered electronic systems. The conversion efficiencies of such devices are quantified by the dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT), which is proportional to the ratio of a device's electrical conductance to ...

The early events of fertilization that precede and cause activation of an egg have not been fully elucidated. The earliest electrophysiological change in the sea urchin egg is a sperm-evoked increase of the egg's membrane conductance. The resulting depolarization facilitates entry of the fertilizing sperm and precludes the entry of supernumerary sperm. The sequence of the increase in the egg's ...

in the present  paper electrical conductivity (ec) of colloidal gas aphron (cga) suspensions was measured for anionic and cationic surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) and tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (ttab)). experiments were made for different concentrations of sds (6, 8.1, 10 mm) and ttab (2, 3.51, 5 mm). cga drainage behavior was observed and measured using 1 liter measuring c...

soil salinity is one of the problems threatening agricultural lands. parts of this phenomenon are related to geologic formations and saltpans, while some major factors are resulted from irrelevant agricultural activities, issue of irrigation, and improper cultivation systems which lead to increase in soil salinity. to avoid such consequences that would end up with ecosystem degradation, suitabl...

Multicellular organisms rely on electrical signaling to communicate messages within and between different tissues. Channel-mediated ionic transport is typically modeled with conductance-based formulations that assume currents are the result of ionic electrical drift, without taking diffusion into consideration [1]. In contrast, formulations of current that assume ionic flux depends on electrica...

The present study deals with the assessment of physicochemical properties spring water samples collected from surroundings Champawat city, Uttarakhand, India. total twenty-three parameters were analysed for including pH, dissolved solids (TDS) (mg/L), electrical conductance (EC) (µS/cm), temperature (T) (°C), oxygen (DO) chloride (Cl- ) and uranium (U) (µg/L). seasonal variation was also observ...

expansion of apple growing to dry areas requires reliable approaches to select genotypes tolerant to water stress. we have simulated apple tree transpiration (ec) from different commercial orchards and compared it with actual transpiration (ea) derived from sap flow measurements. the modelling approach lies in rearranging a parameterized p–m equation and incorporating in it a stomatal conductan...

Pain has a strong emotional component. A key player in emotionality, the amygdala is also involved in pain processing. Our previous studies showed synaptic plasticity in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) in a model of arthritic pain. Here, we address the role of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in the regulation of synaptic transmission in CeA neurons. Whole-cell curr...

We calculate the Hall conductivity σxy and resistivity ρxy of a granular system at large tunneling conductance gT ≫ 1. We show that in the absence of Coulomb interaction the Hall resistivity depends neither on the tunneling conductance nor on the intragrain disorder and is given by the classical formula ρxy = H/(n ec), where n differs from the carrier density n inside the grains by a numerical ...

background: phytoremediation is one of the methods used to remove contaminants and while being simple, cheap and efficient, does not cause environmental deterioration. the aims of this study were phytoremediation of soil contaminated by cd, the simultaneous survey of the influence of different electrical conductivity values, and comparison of two soil amendments including sludge and municipal c...