نتایج جستجو برای: electron density

تعداد نتایج: 685167  

Journal: :Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics 2002
Hui Yang Jie Zhang Yingjun Li Jun Zhang Yutong Li Zhenglin Chen Hao Teng Zhiyi Wei Zhengming Sheng

With ultrashort laser pulses (25 fs) and low energy (E=15 mJ), we observe laser plasma channels with a length over 5 m in air. The diameter of the plasma channel is measured to be 120 microm. The average electron density in the channel is inferred to be about 10(18) W/cm(3) with an interferometric method. At the same time, the temporal evolution of the electron density in the plasma channel is ...

Journal: :Physical review letters 1995
Levinton Zarnstorff Batha Bell Budny Bush Chang Fredrickson Janos Manickam Ramsey Sabbagh Schmidt Synakowski Taylor

Highly peaked density and pressure profiles in a new operating regime have been observed on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR). The qprofile has a region of reversed magnetic shear extending from the magnetic axis to r / u 0.3-0.4. The central electron density rises from 0.45 x lo2’ m-3 to nearly 1.2 x lo2’ m-’ during neutral beam injection. The electron particle diffusivity drops precipito...

Journal: :Acta crystallographica. Section A, Foundations of crystallography 2010
Maria Cristina Burla Rocco Caliandro Carmelo Giacovazzo Giampiero Polidori

The joint probability distribution function P(E, E(p)), where E and E(p) are the normalized structure factors of the target and of a model structure, respectively, is a fundamental tool in crystallographic methods devoted to crystal structure solution. It plays a central role in any attempt for improving phase estimates from a given structure model. More recently the difference electron density...

Journal: :Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 2016
Andrew E Brereton P Andrew Karplus

Ultra-high resolution protein crystal structures have been considered as relatively reliable sources for defining details of protein geometry, such as the extent to which the peptide unit deviates from planarity. Chellapa and Rose (Proteins 2015; 83:1687) recently called this into question, reporting that for a dozen representative protein structures determined at ∼ 1 Å resolution, the diffract...

Journal: :Physical review letters 2017
Axel Schild E K U Gross

We present an exact single-electron picture that describes the correlated electron dynamics in strong laser fields. Our approach is based on the factorization of the electronic wave function as a product of a marginal and a conditional amplitude. The marginal amplitude, which depends only on one electronic coordinate and yields the exact one-electron density and current density, obeys a time-de...

In a typical solitonic distribution, the soliton density is distributed over the entire moleculeand the present work shows how its density can be decomposed into solitonic and antisolitoniccomponents. It is found that there exists a unique electron as soliton over the anionicnanoconductor, while there are many other solitons and antisolitons. The solitonic states are furtherdecomposed to the ca...

Nano-porous silicon were simply prepared from p-type single crystalline silicon wafer by electrochemical etching technique via exerting constant current density in two different HF-Ethanol and HF-Ethanol-H2O solutions. The mesoporous silicon layers were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrate that the width of nano-p...

Journal: :journal of optoelectronical nano structures 0
a abdikian department of physics, malayer university, malayer, iran ghahraman solookinejad department of physics, marvdasht branch, islamic azad university, marvdasht, iran

in this paper, we investigated the corrected plasmon dispersion relation for graphene in presence of a constant magnetic field which it includes a quantum term arising from the collective electron density wave interference effects. by using quantum hydrodynamic plasma model which incorporates the important quantum statistical pressure and electron diffraction force, the longitudinal plasmons ar...

2011
F. Duru D. A. Gurnett D. D. Morgan J. D. Winningham R. A. Frahm A. F. Nagy

[1] The radar sounder Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) on the Mars Express spacecraft provides local electron densities from electron plasma oscillations. Here, we use the local electron densities to study the nightside ionosphere of Mars. In this study, in which local densities were sampled to a minimum altitude of about 275 km, we measured the maximum avera...

Journal: :journal of sciences, islamic republic of iran 2014
a.d. khalaji

two organic compounds (sc-23=(e)-2-cyano-3-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl) acrylic acid and sc-25=(e)-2-cyano-3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl) acrylic acid) involving methoxy groups as the electron donor and cyanoacrylic acid group as the electron acceptor have been investigated for dye sensitized solar cells. they shows a short-circuit current density (jsc) of 2.08 and 1.81 ma cm-2, an open circuit voltage (voc)...

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