A model has been developed to calculate the ground state rotational populations of homonuclear diatomic molecules in kinetic gases, including the effects of electron-impact excitation, wall collisions, and gas feed rate. The equations are exact within the accuracy of the cross sections used and of the assumed equilibrating effect of wall collisions. It is found that the inflow of feed gas and e...

Using Fefferman's analysis of the quantum electron-proton gas, we give a rigorous proof of ionization equilibrium in this system. Ionization equilibrium phases are obtained as low-density and low-temperature limits, letting the chemical potential #(T) approach the ground-state energy of the hydrogen atom as the temperature T tends to zero. The rate of ionization is determined by the slope of #(...

The Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM), introduced several years ago, is finding numerous applications thanks to its excellent performances in detecting and localizing ionizing radiation. This note summarizes recent developments of the technology, and presents some examples of applications. r 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 29.40.Cs; 29.40.Gx

Mathematical analysis of the Anderson localization has been facilitated by the use of suitable fractional moments of the Green function. Related methods permit now a readily accessible derivation of a number of physical manifestations of localization, in regimes of strong disorder, extreme energies, or weak disorder away from the unperturbed spectrum. The present work establishes on this basis ...

We have previously proposed that further improved functionals for density functional theory can be constructed based on the Armiento-Mattsson subsystem functional scheme if, in addition to the uniform electron gas and surface models used in the Armiento-Mattsson 2005 functional, a model for the strongly confined electron gas is also added. However, of central importance for this scheme is an in...

The density-tapered plasmas have been considered as a key source to overcome the dephasing problem, which is a very important energy saturation mechanism in laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA). In the most researches, the tapered plasma density is used after electron injection, but when no electron trapping happens, it may also support the high energy electron generation. For this purpose, we s...

We have developed a method of finding equilibrium Green’s functions for an electron gas with Coulomb interaction within the Kadanoff-Baym-Keldysh approach. This method is based on iterative numerical computation of the retarded self-energy in the self-consistent random-phase approximation. For a two-dimensional electron gas, we have calculated numerically various one-electron properties and the...

This paper describes how to measure the plasma temperature and density using laser Thomson scattering signal. Electron energy probability functions (EEPFs) having a fine resolution of electron energy were measured in low-pressure inductively coupled plasma with laser Thomson scattering method (LTS) at various plasma conditions (rf powers and gas pressures) and compared with the EEPFs measured b...

The energy dependence of the electron lifetime in graphite was measured using femtosecond timeresolved photoemission spectroscopy. The lifetime was found to be inversely proportional to the excitation energy above the Fermi level, i.e., sE 2 EFd, in sharp contrast to that of metals, whose lifetime is found to be proportional to sE 2 EFd. The results are in agreement with the prediction of the l...