In modern wireless communication systems, small circularly polarized microstrip antennas with good performance are desirable mainly at low microwave frequencies. The radio frequency identification (RFID) systems in the ultra-high frequency (UHF) band have gained much interest in many services [Finkenzeller2004]. The reader antenna is one of the important components in the RFID reader system and...

We study relativistic effects in time delay of atomic photoionization using an example of the Xe atom subjected to a circularly polarized electromagnetic pulse. We find that while relativistic effects play only a fairly small role for both the ionization probabilities and the time-delay of the co-rotating electron with the same sign of the angular momentum projection as the circularly polarized...

We investigate the process of circularly polarized high harmonic generation in molecules using a bicircular laser field. In this context, we show that molecules offer a very robust framework for the production of circularly polarized harmonics, provided their symmetry is compatible with that of the laser field. Using a discrete time-dependent symmetry analysis, we show how all the features (har...

A Berry phase is revealed for circularly polarized light when it is Bragg reflected by a chiral liquid-crystal medium of the same handedness. By using a chiral nematic layer we demonstrate that if the input plane of the layer is rotated with respect to a fixed reference frame, a geometric phase effect occurs for the circularly polarized light reflected by the periodic helical structure of the m...

The study of chiral adsorbed molecules is important for an analysis of enantioselectivity in heterogeneous catalysis. Here we show that such molecules can be identified through circular dichroism in core-level photoemission arising from the chiral carbon atoms in stereoisomers of 2,3-butanediol molecules adsorbed on Si(100), using circularly polarized x rays. The asymmetry in the carbon 1s inte...

Intact (class-A) granal and agranal maize chloroplasts and chloroplast fragments were examined for differential scattering of circularly polarized light (measured at 90 degrees) and c.d. (circular dichroism) (measured at 0 degrees) by using a modified spectropolarimeter with a large acceptance angle. Useful c.d. information was obtained by making corrections for scattered light. Chloroplast fra...

We report on optical detection of a single photostable Ce(3+) ion in an yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) crystal and on its magneto-optical properties at room temperature. The spin quantum state of the emitting level of a single cerium ion in YAG can be initialized by a circularly polarized laser pulse. Coherent precession of the electron spin is read out by observing temporal behavior of circula...

We theoretically and experimentally investigate the effect of imperfect vector symmetry on radially polarized beams focused by an aplanatic solid immersion lens at a numerical aperture of 3.3. We experimentally achieve circularly symmetric focused spot with a full-width-half-maximum of ~λ0/5.7 at λ0 = 1,310 nm, free-space wavelength. The tight spatial confinement and overall circular symmetry o...

Based on the polarimetric scattering model of second-order small-slope approximation (SSA-II) with tapered wave incidence under linear and circular polarization, monostatic and bistatic scattering from two-dimensional dielectric rough sea surface is investigated. The emphasis of the present study is on the polarization signature of the scattered wave under circularly polarized wave incidence, w...

A planar metasurface that rotates the polarization of reflected signals by 90° is presented in this article. The surface also permits relative phase rotated, signal to be controlled. rotator uses a square printed patch element mounted above conducting ground plane. addition PIN diode controlled vertical interconnect access (VIA) at corners each provides ability modify scattering properties surf...