Symmetries and conservation laws have both played a vital part in the development of the Standard Model in the 20 century, and discoveries of symmetry violations have helped to propel elementary particle physics forward to the theory we have today. In this essay I attempt to introduce both the historical and theoretical background to this most important concept in particle physics, as well as g...

These proceedings summarize lectures that were delivered as part of the 2002 and 2003 Theoretical Advanced Study Institutes in elementary particle physics (TASI) at the University of Colorado at Boulder. They are intended to provide a pedagogical introduction to cosmology aimed at advanced graduate students in particle physics and string theory.

The QCD sector of the system SANC is presented. QCD theoretical predictions for several processes of high energy interactions of fundamental particles at the one-loop precision level for up to some 3and 4-particle processes are implemented.

The radiative decay of the axion a → γγ is investigated in an external electromagnetic field in DFSZ model in which axion couples to both quarks and leptons at tree level. The decay probability is strongly catalyzed by the external field, namely, the field removes the main suppression caused by the smallness of the axion mass. will be published in Phys. Lett. B Various extensions of the Standar...

In theoretical physics, paradoxes are good. That’s paradoxical, since a paradox appears to be a contradiction, and contradictions imply serious error. But Nature cannot realize contradictions. When our physical theories lead to paradox we must find a way out. Paradoxes focus our attention, and we think harder. When David Gross and I began the work that led to this Nobel Prize [1, 2, 3, 4], in 1...

We present a broad review on black holes. We analyse some of the fundamental concepts in black hole theory, the observational and theoretical status of stellar and galactic black holes, and their appearance

An enhanced binding of an N -particle system interacting through a scalar bose field is investigated, where N ≥ 2. It is not assumed that this system has a ground state for a zero coupling. It is shown, however, that there exists a ground state for a sufficiently large values of coupling constants. When the coupling constant is sufficiently large, N particles are bound to each other by the scal...

The class of relativistic spin particle models reveals the ‘quantization’ of parameters already at the classical level. The special parameter values emerge if one requires the maximality of classical global continuous symmetries. The same requirement applied to a non-relativistic particle with odd degrees of freedom gives rise to supersymmetric quantum mechanics. Coupling classical non-relativi...

We investigate the amplification of the field induced by white noise. In the present study, we study a stochastic equation which has two parameters, the energy ω(~k) of a free particle and the coupling strength D between the field and white noise, where the quantity ~k represents the momentum of a free particle. This equation is reduced to the equation with one parameter α(~k) which is defined ...

An enhanced binding of an N -particle system interacting through a scalar bose field is investigated, where N ≥ 2. It is not assumed that this system has a ground state for a zero coupling. It is shown, however, that there exists a ground state for a sufficiently large values of coupling constants. When the coupling constant is sufficiently large, N particles are bound to each other by the scal...