the purpose of the present study was to determine gender differences in the language development and skills of first grade students of primary schools in marivan-iran. to do this, 260 first grade students (140 males and 120 females) were chosen by multi stage cluster sampling and stratified random sampling methods among the first grade students in elementary schools in the 2011-2012 academic ye...

Low family income is associated with poor academic achievement among children. Higher rates of school absence and tardiness may be one mechanism through which low family income impacts children's academic success. This study examines relations between family income, as measured by receipt of free or reduced-price lunch, school attendance, and academic achievement among a diverse sample of child...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of a theatre production on smoking-related attitudes, norms, and intentions of children in grades 1-6 (aged 6-12 years). DESIGN Seventeen schools were randomly selected among 160 that were participating in the implementation of the theatre production 2 Smart 2 Smoke. Schools that participated in the theatre production after 3 December 1997 were assigned as con...

Although the twentieth century has witnessed two major waves ofgrade reorganization in American public. schools, little empirical evidence exists pertaining to the effects of grade span the range of grades making up schools on academic achievement. In the present study, a series of production functions was employed to examine the influence ofgrade span, and several control variables, on eighth-...

This study is part of a broader on algebraic reasoning in elementary education. The research objective the present survey, namely to describe generalization among second grade (7- 8-year-old) students, was pursued through semi-structured interviews with six children connection contextualized task involving function y = x + 3. Particular attention paid structures recognized and type expressed by...

Background Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) indicator is one of the most epidemiologic indexes in dentistry indicating the situation of oral and dental health among people of a society. The present study has been conducted with the aim of determining the dmft index among Iranian first-grade elementary students. Materials and Methods This study was conducted on 3,000 (1,500 girls and 1,...