* Corresponding author. ABSTRACT Designing vehicles specifically for city use is a topic of increasing interest in the transportation community. Hybrid vehicle design typically seeks to maximize fuel economy subject to acceleration performance and other constraints, based upon the expected driving needs of the average user. Fuel economy predictions are inaccurate when the vehicle’s expected and...

For the shortage of the traditional evaluation methods of the urban economy, A new evaluation model proposed, establishing an index system of evaluation and decision table on city economy, and extracting important properties of input data from Rough Set and neural network, and evaluation indexes reduced as input of neural network to realize the city's economic strength evaluation , then, using ...

The economy of street food vendors provides not only affordable food for the urban poor people, but also generates opportunities of self-employment. However, success of these tiny units is dependent on various networks that create this economy. Therefore, economic outcomes from these entrepreneurial activities could be embedded with the social relations through networks. Through an ethnographic...

—The majority of the hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) available on the market are power-split hybrid vehicles with a single planetary gear (PG), including the popular Toyota Prius and Chevy Volt. Although both vehicles use a single PG, they have different configurations with different number of operating modes. The Prius has no clutch and has a single operating mode, whereas the Chevy Volt uses ...

In the recent century,Tehran has been confronted with urban sprawl and rapid population growth that have caused urban landscape transformation, whichis different in various parts of Tehran based on specific economic, cultural and social situations. What is important in this essay is the human perception of their landscape in this process of transformation; therefore, the purpose is analyzing la...

This paper presents the traction motor sizing for optimal urban fuel economy in two mild and three strong hybridization propulsion on front-wheel-drive vehicles. The traction motor sizes, by means of motor rated torque and speed, are optimized for maximum urban fuel economy. The two mild hybrids are Belt-Integrated-Starter-Generator (BISG) and Crankshaft-Integrated-Starter-Generator (C-ISG) sys...

With the aim of identifying different perspectives for the future of territory – starting from the dimension of production in the context of urban sprawl – this PhD research intends opening a critical reflections on the dynamics of territorial polarization, specialization and marginalization underway in Europe. According to the last European Competitiveness Report drawn up by the European Commi...

Faced to the economic and energetic context of our society, it is widely recognised that an alternative to fossil fuels and oil-based products will be needed in the nearest future. In this way, development of urban biorefinery could bring many solutions to this problem. Study of the implementation of urban biorefinery highlights two sustainable configurations that provide solutions to the Wallo...

today as freshwater resources become scarcer, wastewater use is a major incentive option for conserving and expanding available water supplies. the aim of this research was to investigate the impact of normal irrigation water (well water), chemical fertilizer, and treated urban wastewater effluent on yield quantity and quality of broccoli under micro irrigation system. the accumulation of chemi...