Community-based development has been criticized for its inadequate understanding of power relationships at the local level, which thus leaves room for elite capture. This paper compares and contrasts two case studies, both of which take power seriously in their institutional designs. The solar home system in Bangladesh, represents the ‘counter-elite’ approach and explicitly excludes local elite...

The tracking of pupils by ability into elite and non-elite schools represents a controversial policy in many countries. There is no consensus on how large the elite track should be and little agreement on the effects of any further increase in its size. This paper presents a natural experiment where the increase in the size of the elite track was followed by a significant improvement in average...

Fast reaction and good inhibitory control are associated with elite sports performance. To evaluate the reproducibility and validity of a newly developed Badminton Reaction Inhibition Test (BRIT), fifteen elite (25 ± 4 years) and nine non-elite (24 ± 4 years) Dutch male badminton players participated in the study. The BRIT measured four components: domain-general reaction time, badminton-specif...

Soccer players are required to anticipate and react continuously in a changing, relatively unpredictable situation in the field. Cognitive functions might be important to be successful in soccer. The current study investigated the relationship between cognitive functions and performance level in elite and sub-elite youth soccer players aged 13-17 years. A total of 47 elite youth soccer players ...

Elite crop varieties usually fix alleles that occur at low frequencies within non-elite gene pools. Dissecting these alleles for desirable agronomic traits can be accomplished by comparing the genomes of elite varieties with those from non-elite populations. Here we deep-sequence six elite rice varieties and use two large control panels to identify elite variety tag single-nucleotide polymorphi...

regarding to different social policies of two former presidents (hashemi rafsanjani & mohammad khaatami), the present essay is going to evaluate and compare the rate of social isolation consequences between the mass and elite groups in iran during 8 years of their presidency. at first, different dimensions of social isolation consequences have been reviewed and four main dimensions have been de...

Human capitals are part of a country’s wealth, and proper functioning of the society depends on the creativity of its elites and Human nature. Nowadays, managing the Elites and preventing their immigration has become one of the difficult issues faced by many organizations. In this research, a lot of effort has been put into finding out the typology of the behavior patterns of the elite using th...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the difference in the horizontal mechanical determinants of sprint performance in highly-trained elite field hockey players versus subelite field hockey players. Thirty-five highly trained field hockey players (18 elite international players and 17 sub-elite players) were tested during the competitive season. They performed a maximal 40 meter spri...

CONTEXT There are significant data comparing elite and nonelite athletes in anaerobic field and court sports as well as endurance sports. This review delineates specific performance characteristics in the elite athlete and may help guide rehabilitation. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A Medline search from April 1982 to April 2012 was undertaken for articles written in English. Additional references wer...

This article offers possibly the first peer-reviewed study on the training routines of elite eathletes, with special focus on the subjects’ physical exercise routines. The study is based on a sample of 115 elite e-athletes. According to their responses, e-athletes train approximately 5.28 hours every day around the year on the elite level. Approximately 1.08 hours of that training is physical e...