During gastrulation in the mouse, the pluripotent embryonic ectoderm cells form the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Little is known about the mechanisms responsible for these processes, but evidence from previous studies in amphibians, as well as expression studies in mammals, suggest that signalling molecules of the Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) family may play a r...

The human embryonic stem cell line, KthES11, is derived from a normal healthy blastocyst donated for clinical research. inner mass (ICM) was isolated using mechanical dissection and plated on laminin fragments. Cell line derivation, its propagation storage were performed without feeders in an animal product-free environment according to current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) standards. KthE...

embryonic stem cells (escs) are derived from the inner cell mass (icm) of blastocyst and differentiate into all three embryonic germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. in this study, escs are derived from hand made cloning (hmg) blastocysts and their efficiencies compared to escs derived from in vitro fertilization (ivf) embryos. feeder layer was used for escs culture, and culture medium...

Differentiated cells can be reprogrammed to an embryonic-like state by transfer of nuclear contents into oocytes or by fusion with embryonic stem (ES) cells. Little is known about factors that induce this reprogramming. Here, we demonstrate induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic or adult fibroblasts by introducing four factors, Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4, under ES cell cult...

The promise of pluripotent stem cells as a research and therapeutic tool is partly undermined by the technical challenges of generating and maintaining these cells in culture. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are exquisitely sensitive to culture conditions, and require constant signaling by growth factors and cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions to prevent apoptosis, senescence, and differe...

To produce an in vitro model of nemaline myopathy, we reprogrammed the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) a patient with heterozygous p.Gly148Asp mutation exon 3 ACTA1 gene to iPSCs. Using CRISPR/Cas9 editing corrected generate isogenic control line. Both mutant and show normal karyotype, express pluripotency markers could differentiae into three cell states that represent embryonic ger...

BACKGROUND Recently, human embryonic stem (hES) cells have become very important resources for basic research on cell replacement therapy and other medical applications. The purpose of this study was to test whether pluripotent hES cell lines could be successfully derived from frozen-thawed embryos that were destined to be discarded after 5 years in a routine human IVF-embryo transfer programme...

Knowledge of oocyte development and the early differentiation germ layers in monotremes stems largely from two articles by J. P. Hill T. Thomson Flynn. The completeness their account was due to large series echidna ovaries eggs collected on Tasmania Flynn, an Australian biologist whom a brief is given. A striking finding embryo presence latebra connected yolk bed beneath germinal disc as descri...