Black carbon (BC) emission factors were measured for a California commuter rail line fleet of diesel-electric passenger locomotives (Caltrain). The emission factors are based on BC and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the exhaust plumes of passing locomotives, which were measured from pedestrian overpasses using portable analyzers. Each of the 29 locomotives in the fleet was sampled on 4e...

air pollution is an example of a negative externality; it imposes harmful effects and costs on people other than polluters. in controlling air pollution, efficiency argument implies that, there is a rolefor the government to play. studies show that taxation of fuels can be a powerful indirect instrumentfor controlling air polluticn because of the association between fuels use and emissions. in ...

A novel MILP model for plantwide multiperiod optimization of byproduct gas supply system in the ironand steel-making process is proposed. Compared with the previous optimization model, proposed approach simultaneously optimizes the byproduct gasholder levels and gas distribution among con icting objectives. Both integer and continuous variables are used in determining the optimal fuel load cha...

This study estimates the range of fuel and emissions impacts of an automated-vehicle (AV)-based transit system that services campus-based developments, termed an automated mobility district (AMD). The study develops a framework to quantify the fuel consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission impacts of a transit system comprised of AVs, taking into consideration average vehicle fleet composit...

in this study, the optimal cropping patterns based on individual aims are presented and followed by a multi-objective cropping pattern with emphasize on the use of conservation tillage methods in darab region presented. individual goals consisted of maximizing gross margin and food secin this study, the optimal cropping patterns based on individual aims were presented and followed by using a mu...

the primary objective of this work is to introduce a gear ratio selection strategy for a cvt equipped vehicle and show its effectiveness on the fuel consumption reduction. afuzzy control algorithm is designed for this purpose. anonlinear model is developed for simulating the longitudinal vehicle dynamics with accelerator pedal applied by the driver as an input. in order that pedal input values ...

Study was conducted for the projection of energy demand and emission analysis for the next thirty years, taking the 2000 as a base year. This has been determined with the help of the Long Range Energy Alternative planning system (LEAP). It forecasted the energy consumption and environmental emissions in industrial area of Islamabad. All available energy consumption activities and socio-economic...

Reduction of the environmental impact of cars represents one of the biggest transport industry challenges. Beyond more efficient engines, a promising approach is to use eco-driving technologies that help drivers achieve lower fuel consumption and emission levels. In this study, a real-time microscopic fuel consumption model was developed. It was designed to be integrated into simulation platfor...