We tested several hypotheses derived from the emotional processing theory of fear reduction by manipulating claustrophobic participants' focus of attention during in vivo exposure. Sixty participants displaying marked claustrophobic fear were randomized to one of four exposure conditions. Each participant received a total of 30-min of self-guided exposure 2-weeks after pretreatment testing. One...

we sought to understand  whether,  how, and  why the translated journalistic texts  related  to  the  iranian  nuclear  negotiations  were manipulated. to this end,  we  monitored  a news agency’s webpage in a time span of 46 days that began 3 days before almaty i nuclear talks and ended  3  days  after  almaty  ii  talks.  monitoring  resulted  in  a  corpus  made  up  of  36  target  texts  p...

the most modern techniques in biotechnology owe their existence to the discovery of dna cloning and the genetic manipulation of organisms. however biotechnology is not new science in fact, many applications represent old practices with new methodologies. human have been used organisms for their benefit in many processes for several thousand years. therefore, one way of thinking about biotechnol...

According to the facial feedback hypothesis (FFH) one's own expressions have a corresponding impact on subjective experience of emotion. Inspired by Strack, et al. [1] participants in present study hold wooden stick between teeth (forming smile) or lips sulky face) while rating humorous films. In contrast FFH it was found that people scoring low emotional empathy rated films as less funny happy...

objectives: there are some comorbidity between migraine, tension headaches, and some psychological  factors including early maladaptive schemas (emss). this research aimed to identify the emss  associated with migraine and tension headaches.  methods:  the present study was of cross sectional and correlational studies. the measures included  headache disability inventory and young early maladap...

The ability to assess emotionality is important within animal welfare research. Yet, for farm animals, few tests of emotionality have been well validated. Here we investigated the construct validity of behavioural measures of pig emotionality in an open-field test by manipulating the experiences of pigs in three ways. In Experiment One (pharmacological manipulation), pigs pre-treated with Azape...

The authors examined the evolution of cognitive and emotional responses to terror risks for a nationally representative sample of Americans between late 2001 and late 2002. Respondents' risk judgments changed in ways consistent with their reported personal experiences. However, they did not recognize these changes, producing hindsight bias in memories for their judgments. An intensive debiasing...

Background: Esophagectomy is considered to be the main treatment for esophageal malignancies. Among the different methods, transhiatal approach can cause less damage to patients and is widely used however, manipulation of esophagus result in heart rate and blood pressure variations. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm during transhiatal esophagect...

Objective. To explore the influences of discrete positive and negative emotions on cooperation in the context of a social dilemma game. Design. Two controlled studies were undertaken. In Study 1, 69 participants were randomly assigned to an essay emotion manipulation task designed to induce either guilt, joy or no strong emotion. In Study 2, 95 participants were randomly assigned to one of the ...

Descriptions of successful psychopathy are synonymous with Machiavellianism: both describe highfunctioning individuals who are adept at exploiting and manipulating others. However, previous research has found social-cognitive deficits associated with these traits that should decrease successful manipulation. In the present study, we investigated the presence of biases in interpersonal threat pe...