Eastern and Western equine encephalomyelitis viruses belong to the genus Alphavirus of the family Togaviridae. Alternate infection of birds and mosquitoes maintain these viruses in nature. The disease occurs sporadically in horses and humans from mid-summer to late autumn. Horses and humans are tangential dead-end hosts. The disease in horses is characterised by fever, anorexia, and severe depr...

1. Infected material from the brain and spinal cord of an infant suffering from a recently recognized form of granulomatous encephalomyelitis was inoculated into rabbits and mice and produced an experimental disease which was readily transmissible in series. 2. A parasite identical with that in the lesions of the human case was found in the lesions of the experimental animals. 3. The morphology...

Viral encephalomyelitis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and many encephalitic viruses are emerging and re-emerging due to changes in virulence, spread to new geographic regions, and adaptation to new hosts and vectors [1]. The term encephalomyelitis refers to inflammation in the brain and spinal cord that results from the immune response to virus infection. In humans...

Formalin-inactivated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis vaccine was prepared from virus propagated in rolling-bottle cultures of chicken embryo cells. The attenuated, TC-83 strain of virus was propagated in these cultures with a maintenance medium consisting of serum-free medium 199 containing 0.25% human serum albumin and antibiotics. By adjustment of maintenance medium volume (100 to 300 ml)...

A prospective study was performed to determine the serologic response of previously vaccinated horses to revaccination against eastern and western equine encephalomyelitis (EEE and WEE). Horses responded variably to each antigen, and some horses had low or undetectable antibodies 6 months after vaccination. Some horses did not develop increasing titers to EEE or WEE despite recent vaccination. ...

A young boy presented with monoparesis of the left arm. MRI disclosed bilateral enhancing thalamic lesions. Biopsy results and subsequent clinical history were most compatible with postinfectious or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. This represents one of the first cases of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis affecting the thalami, established by biopsy. This uncommon disease entity is rev...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is an autoimmune disease, which is characterized by demyelination and neuroinflammation. extracellular matrix (ecm) have important role in the central nervous system (cns). alterations are happening to the ecm after the cns disorder like ms, alzheimer and other neural injury. tenasin-c (tnc) is a glycoprotein that is highly expressed in inflammatory conditions of the cns...