INTRODUCTION Ureter obstruction caused by a retro-peritoneal tumor is treated by inserting an indwelling ureter splint (DJ-stent). Indwelling duration is limited by cumulative crystalline deposits into the splint, eventually causing the repeated impairment of urine flow. Deciding when a DJ-stent must be replaced is important since belated removal can be accompanied by severe complications. X-ra...

Ureteral stents are commonly used in urology to provide urinary drainage of the upper tracts, particularly following treatment of urolithiasis. Stents are commonly plagued with infections and encrustation, particularly in stone-forming patients (Denstedt and Cadieux 2009). This involves a multistep process outlined in Figure 1. The first step is formation of a conditioning film comprised of uri...

BACKGROUND Ureteral stents are widely used in many urologic practices. However, stents can cause significant complications including migration, fragmentation, and encrustation and it may possibly be forgotten. Successful management of a retained, encrusted stent requires combined endourological approaches. OBJECTIVES To present our experience with the approaches for treating forgotten uretera...

Reducing energy costs in Europe is more challenging than before due to extreme price increases. The use of local renewable sources one way contribute this effort. In the case spa resorts, heat from hot springs for therapeutic baths an option. It necessary cool down thermal mineral water a temperature acceptable human body. However, high content water, heavy fouling can be problem conventional e...

Nasopharyngeal rhinoliths are uncommon lesions that result from the complete or partial encrustation of an intranasal foreign body with mineral salts , mainly calcium and magnesium [1]. The first radiologic diagnosis of a rhinolith was made by Mac intyre (1900) [2] , only 4 years after Roentgen 's discovery of x-rays . Rad iology is an invaluable investigation in the diagnosis of foreign bodies...