Islands host a high percentage of endemic species due to their ecosystems having evolved in isolation [1]. In the absence of natural predators and resistance to alien diseases, the flora and fauna of islands are considered more fragile than mainland species and prone to impacts from non-native species [2]. The ecosystems of the Hawaiian Islands, one of the world’s most isolated archipelagos, ha...

In Europe most authors consider that histoplasmosis due to Histoplasma capsulatum is a rare imported fungal disease that is only diagnosed when it appears in the disseminated form. Such a presentation is very unusual in areas where it is endemic.' This paradox is explicable because in most cases infection is localised, so that in endemic areas cases of dissemination represent a very small propo...

The authors discuss the evaluation of the economic impacts of endemic livestock diseases, and economic issues in control of these diseases. Particular attention is focused on helminths and on endemic vector-transmitted infections (particularly ticks and tick-borne diseases). Decisions relating to disease control have to be made by government and by the producer. Government requires information ...

Selenium is an essential element for humans, animals and some species of microorganisms. The biological function of selenium shows dual characteristics. The selenium content range between toxic and deficient concentration is very narrow. The present paper discusses the geographical distribution of two forms (total and water-soluble) of selenium in topsoil (plough layer for cultivated soils, elu...

After 20 years under the umbrella of the Organisation de Coordination et de Coopération pour la lutte contre les Grandes Endémies (organization for coordination and cooperation against major endemic diseases), the Centre de Recherche sur les Méningites et les Schistosomoses (the meningitis and schistosomiasis research center) has been placed under the Niger Ministry of Public Health. It has bec...

Rheumatoid arthritis is an endemic disease known throughout the world. Its aetiology is unknown. No meaningful differences in prevalence rates between populations or races have so far been established, although Lawrence (1959) has shown a small difference in prevalence between rural and urban communities. Large geographical differences in prevalence are unlikely to have escaped detection by ord...

BACKGROUND Despite recent developments, health care provision in Indonesia remains suboptimal. Difficult terrain, economic crises, endemic diseases and high population numbers, coupled with limited availability of qualified health care professionals, all contribute to poor health status. In a country with a population of 220 million, there are currently an estimated 50 nurses and 26 midwives pe...

Planning for mass gatherings involves health system preparedness based on an understanding of natural and technological hazards identified through prior risk assessment. We present the expected hazards reported by health administrators of the host cities for the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil and discuss the hazards considering minimal available public hospital beds in the 12 cities at the time ...