Tobacco 'endgame' discourse has emerged in recognition of the nature of the global public health emergency created by tobacco use and tobacco promotion. This discourse is a promising development, but translating it into action requires developing some consensus, at least by countries or regions. It also requires negotiating some of the recurring tensions within the tobacco control movement, con...

Van der Heijden’s ENDGAME STUDY DATABASE IV, HhdbIV, is the definitive collection of 76,132 chess studies. In each one, White is to achieve the stipulated goal, win or draw: study solutions should be essentially unique with minor alternatives at most. In this second note on the mining of the database, we use the definitive Nalimov endgame tables to benchmark White’s moves in sub-7-man chess aga...

Conceptualizing procedural knowledge is one of the most challenging tasks of building systems for intelligent tutoring. We present an algorithm that enables teachers to accomplish this task semi automatically. We used the algorithm on a difficult king, bishop, and knight versus the lone king (KBNK) chess endgame, and obtained concepts that could serve as textbook instructions. A pilot experimen...

We have solved the game of awari, an ancient African board game that is played worldwide now. The game is a draw when both players play optimally. To solve awari, we computed several databases that can be used jointly to select the best move from any position that can occur in a game. The largest database contains 204 billion entries (178 gigabyte), and is much larger than the largest (endgame)...