The detection of genetically modified (GM) maize events is an inevitable necessity under the strict regulatory systems many countries. To screen for GM events, we developed a multiplex PCR system to specifically detect 29 as well cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, Agrobacterium tumefaciens nos terminator, Streptomyces viridochromogenes pat gene, and endogenous zSSIIb reference gene. These t...

Clonal propagation by somatic embryogenesis (SE) has a great application potential in conifers, but its efficiency still needs further improvement. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is widely used for gene expression analysis during SE as part of studies to characterize gene function. In qPCR, data is normalized against a reference gene with a uniform expression during the tested conditions. Studies have...

conclusions the results revealed, the specific primers that amplified the ente gene were able to amplify the staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxin type p gene. the specific primers for the entp gene were amplified a fragmented gene (700 bp) showed 100% homology with entp reference gene and also 80% homology with enta and ente genes. results the pcr amplification method was optimized for entp ge...

The objectives of this study were to confirm a location of the calpastatin (CAST) gene in chromosome 2 and to detect associations of genetic variations with economic traits in the porcine CAST gene as a candidate gene for growth and meat quality traits in pigs. Calpastatin is a specific endogenous inhibitor of calpains. The calpain protease system is ubiquitous, and is involved in numerous grow...

At least 8% of the human genome was formed by integration of retroviral DNA sequences. Here we analyze the forces directing the accumulation of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) by comparing de novo HERV integration targeting with the distribution of fixed HERV elements in the human genome. All known genomic HERVs are inactive due to mutation, but we were able to study integration targeting...

esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (escc) is a deadly cancer with poor prognosis. in this regard, early diagnosis is of vital importance to cure the tumor in its early stages. novel cancer diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have been recently introduced based on micrornas (mirnas). also, accurate normalization using appropriate reference genes is a critical step in mirna expression studies. ...

objective: understanding gene expression variations by using rna transcript analysis methods during hepatic viral protein interactions with the ifn pathway in hepatic cell lines has recently gained importance. one of the most powerful techniques in gene expression quantification is quantitative real-time rt-pcr. reference genes used as normalizer in this method may be affected across various ex...

Abstract In this work, three genetic regulatory networks are considered, that model the post–transcriptional regulation of PTEN onco–suppressor gene, mediated by microRNAs and competitive endogenous RNAs, in glioblastoma multiforme, most severe brain tumours. We simulate solutions resulting stochastic differential systems discuss effects miRNA–fashioned on expression.