Recently, there have been advances in the development of new substances effective in managing diabetic disorders. Opioid receptors couple multiple systems to result in various biological effects, although opioids are best known for analgesia. In the present review, we used our recent data to describe the advance in plasma glucose-lowering action of herbal products, especially the mediation of β...

BACKGROUND Electroacupuncture (EA) can produce analgesia by increasing the β-endorphin level and activation of peripheral μ-opioid receptors in inflamed tissues. Endogenous cannabinoids and peripheral cannabinoid CB2 receptors (CB2Rs) are also involved in the antinociceptive effect of EA on inflammatory pain. However, little is known about how peripheral CB2Rs interact with the endogenous opioi...

Stress is known to elicit pain relief, a phenomenon referred to as stress-induced analgesia. Based on stress parameters, opioid and non-opioid intrinsic pain inhibitory systems can be activated. In the present study, we assessed whether changing the duration of stress would affect the involvement of endogenous opioids in antinociception elicited by swim in warm water (32 °C), known to be opioid...

BACKGROUND Leukocytes infiltrating inflamed tissue produce and release opioid peptides such as beta-endorphin, which activate opioid receptors on peripheral terminals of sensory nerves resulting in analgesia. Gene therapy is an attractive strategy to enhance continuous production of endogenous opioids. However, classical viral and plasmid vectors for gene delivery are hampered by immunogenicity...

BACKGROUND Wet cupping therapy is a complementary therapy in pain management. The mechanism of this therapy, however, needs further elucidation. Cells injured by wet cupping therapy seem to stimulate the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Its benefit in pain reduction could be mediated by the expression of ß-endorphin. This study aimed at determining the correlation between HSP70 and ...

background:chronic active adrenocorticotropin hormone (acth) immunization of ewes (with a previous history of immunization) resulted in elevated titres of antibody against acth, which induced a reduction in circulating levels of cortisol. objectives:the aim of the present study was to investigate: a) the influence of active immunization against acth on milk production of the ewe as assessed by ...

Background: The present study examined the possible role of endogenous opioidergic system in effect of food deprivation on formalin-induced nociceptive behaviors in male and female rats. Also, we investigated the effect of food deprivation on the plasma level of beta-endorphin and sex hormones. Methods: Food was withdrawn 48 h prior to performing the formalin test, but water continued to be ava...

We investigated the endogenous opioid system and its role in mediating the reinforcing effects of ethanol that lead to high ethanol consumption as a biochemical marker of an individual's vulnerability to excessive ethanol consumption. We performed studies using human subjects with [high risk (HR)] and without [low risk (LR)] a family history of alcoholism to supplement our studies with experime...

purpose: this study aimed to investigate the effect of one intensive training session on the changes of beta-endorphin and serum cortisol levels of elite wrestlers. methods: in this quasi-experimental research with one group and pretest-posttest design, 16 elite wrestlers within the age range of 18 to 25 years were purposefully and selected and they voluntarily participated in the research. the...