Copyright© 2016 The Korean Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Society This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Percutaneous Endoscopic ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a relatively safe procedure; however, no study has evaluated the safety of PEG tube placement in patients over the age of 100 years. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of patient records for patients who underwent PEG tube placement. Thirty patients aged 100 years and older were identified and a random sample of 275 patient...

UNLABELLED The technique of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discetomy (PELD) in the transforaminal approach has evolved over the years due to the advances in endoscopic photology and instrumentation and become the most popular technique for lumbar disc herniation. Although PELD offers many advantages, the indications of PELD are limited mostly to non-migrated or low-migrated disc herniation. It ...

The field of minimally invasive neurosurgery has evolved rapidly in its indications and applications over the last few years. New, less invasive techniques with low morbidity and virtually no mortality are replacing conventional neurosurgical procedures. Providing anesthesia for these procedures differs in many ways from conventional neurosurgical operations. Anesthesiologists are faced with th...

Endoscopic discectomy entails use of an imaging-guided probe inserted between the vertebrae and into the herniated disc space. Microsurgical attachments routed through the endoscope remove a portion of the nucleus tissue of the compromised disc; the amount excised depends on various circumstances but never affects the disc’s support structure. It is also possible to use the instrument to manipu...

BACKGROUND Endoscopic spine surgery has evolved gradually through improvements in endoscope design, instrumentation, and surgical techniques. The ability to visualize and treat painful pathology endoscopically through the foramen has opened the door for the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative conditions of the lumbar spine (from T10 to S1). Other endoscopic techniques for treating a painful...