Endoscopy can be used for sequential observation of gastric carcinogenesis in animal models. In the present study, we applied endoscopic examination and biopsy technique on N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced stomach cancer in rats using a newly-developed flexible 2.5 mm endoscope. A total of 36 rats were divided into MNNG-treated and non-treated groups, observed on gastric endo...

∗ Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Barbeiro). before, the patient was submitted to gastrointestinal endoscopic examination (endoscopy and colonoscopy) that were normal. She was pale and her vital signs were stable. The abdomen was distended and asymmetric, with an abdominal surgical scar in midline and multiple visible and palpable masses in all quadrants (Fig....

Background: Colorectal endoscopy is the gold standard investigation of the large bowel in patients with rectal bleeding and is employed as a means of secondary prevention of colorectal cancer. Aim: To determine the frequency of benign lesions and carcinomas in patients who underwent colorectal endoscopy because of rectal bleeding and to evaluate the role of endoscopy in secondary prevention of ...

OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical effectiveness of doctors and nurses in undertaking upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy. DESIGN Pragmatic trial with Zelen's randomisation before consent to minimise distortion of existing practice. SETTING 23 hospitals in the United Kingdom. In six hospitals, nurses undertook both upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy, yielding a total of 29 cen...

CONTEXT The prevalence of obesity has been increasing in modern society. Roux-en-y gastric bypass is a bariatric surgery that involves the exclusion of significant part of the stomach. Atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer have been associated with infection by Helicobacter pylori. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the presence of endoscopy findings and histological changes in morbid obese p...

OBJECTIVES To identify the optimal pharmacological method of preparing patients for nasal endoscopy. METHODS Twenty healthy volunteers were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Four types of medications were applied in their nostrils with binary combinations of spray bottles on four different days in a random order: placebo (normal saline [NS]+NS), decongestant (NS+ox...

BACKGROUND Celiac disease is a chronic gluten intolerance which can cause small intestinal inflammatory lesions of different intensity, scope and distribution. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to assess the distribution and scope of lesions revealed by endoscopy in the small intestine of children and adolescents with untreated celiac disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of nine patients...

PURPOSE To determine the clinical utility of intraocular videoendoscopy examination for the evaluation of the retina and optic nerve in patients being considered for a Boston type I keratoprosthesis (KPro). DESIGN Interventional case series study. METHODS Ten patients with a history of corneal blindness caused by failed penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and inability to accurately assess visual...

BACKGROUND Along with patient history, the physical examination is the key component for any patient encounter. Determining what should be included in the nasal examination is critical. Practicing evidenced-based medicine calls for an integration of the clinical/surgical expertise of the provider, the individual patient's needs and preferences, and the application of the current best medical kn...

Laryngeal endoscopy plays a determinant role in clinical evaluation of dysphagia. The examination is performed by means of a trans-nasal approach with a flexible fiberoptic endoscope, able to visualize the pre- and post-deglutitory steps of the pharyngeal phase of swallowing. In patients with tracheostomy, it is possible to visualize the glottic or neoglottic function during the intra-deglutito...