Running barefoot is associated with a substantially lower prevalence of acute injuries of the ankle and chronic injuries of the lower leg in developing countries, but well-designed studies of the effects of barefoot and shod running on injury are lacking. Laboratory studies show that the energy cost of running is reduced by about 4% when the feet are not shod. In spite of these apparent benefit...

Cost-effective public transit options suitable for serving all demand levels include: bus service in mixed traffic, bus service in reserved lane, transitway/buswdy, light rail transit (LRT) (segregated right of way), intermediate capacity advanced light rail transit (ALRT), and heavy rail rapid transit. This classification of transit options takes into account right-of-way access (that is, mixe...

Although most of the literature on locomotion energetics and biomechanics is about constant-speed experiments, humans and animals tend to move at variable speeds in their daily life. This study addresses the following questions: 1) how much extra metabolic energy is associated with traveling a unit distance by adopting acceleration/deceleration cycles in walking and running, with respect to con...

liberalization of energy price increases costs of agricultural inputs and costs of agricultural production. all these changes may affect the overall competitiveness of domestic products with similar foreign products. as a result of that, total cost of agricultural products are increased and profitability are decreased. in this paper, energy consumption for producing corn were calculated using c...

Triathlon is a multisport event consisting of sequential swim, cycle, and run disciplines performed over a variety of distances. This complex and unique sport requires athletes to appropriately distribute their speed or energy expenditure (ie, pacing) within each discipline as well as over the entire event. As with most physical activity, the regulation of pacing in triathlon may be influenced ...

The purpose of this study was to compare running economy across three submaximal speeds expressed as both oxygen cost (mlxkg(-1)xkm(-1)) and the energy required to cover a given distance (kcalxkg(-1)xkm(-1)) in a group of trained male distance runners. It was hypothesized that expressing running economy in terms of caloric unit cost would be more sensitive to changes in speed than oxygen cost b...

kinetic parameters of the ammonolysis reaction of dichloroethane in nonaqueous media are studied and the optimum reaction conditions are reported. a suitable reactor for running the reaction under high pressure in the range of 50 to 500 °c is designed. kinetic behaviours of the system is studied and other reaction parameters such as rate constant, kinetic order, and activation energy are determ...

artificial neural networks are used in many smart apparatus and different fields such as signal processing pattern diagnoses, military systems, medicine, financial systems, and artificial intelligence. in this article using quality of neural networks in optimizing energy cost in moving limb and its effectiveness in organization a cognitive function founded by presenting an algorithm for use in ...