Landscape-scale ecological networks (ENs) are interconnected conservation corridors of high-quality habitat used to mitigate the adverse effects of landscape fragmentation and to connect with protected areas. The effectiveness of ENs for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem function has been challenged. Here we show how an extensive system of ENs of remnant historic land was put in place at ...

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex network of neurons and glia within the gut wall which originate from neural crest cells. Self-renewing, multipotential ENS progenitors have been isolated from the gut of foetal as well as adult rodents, however, the identity of the ENS progenitor and the regulation of its neurogenic potential invivo, are currently unknown. Sox10 is an HMG-containing...

Pierre VIKTOROVITCH DR CNRS Ecole Centrale de Lyon Président Henri BENISTY Professeur Institut d’Optique Rapporteur Olivier PARRIAUX Professeur Université St-Etienne Rapporteur Joseph ZYSS Professeur Institut d’Alembert Examinateur Frank VOLLMER Ass. Professeur Max Planck Institute Examinateur Malcolm BUCKLE DR CNRS ENS Cachan Examinateur Chi Thanh NGUYEN IR CNRS ENS Cachan Encadrant de thèse I...

The vasculature and nervous system share striking similarities in their networked, tree-like architecture and in the way they are super-imposed in mature organs. It has previously been suggested that the intestinal microvasculature network directs the migration of enteric neural crest cells (ENCC) along the gut to promote the formation of the enteric nervous system (ENS). To investigate the int...

Our current understanding of the developmental biology of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and the genesis of ENS diseases is founded almost entirely on studies using model systems. Although genetic studies in the mouse have been at the forefront of this field over the last 20 years or so, historically it was the easy accessibility of the chick embryo for experimental manipulations that allowed...

BACKGROUND Different clinical high-risk factors for the development of distant metastases have been identified but not tested in the same cohort of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS In 145 patients with previously identified clinical high risk factors, the presence of extranodal spread (ENS) and matted node on pretreatment CT (n = 96) and/or MRI (n = 111) we...

The term dystonia was introduced in the twentieth century to describe patients with severe generalised dystonia, who were supposed to have an alteration of muscle tone (hence the etymology of this word) [1]. The clinical spectrum of dystonia is broad, yet this is one of the most under-recognised among movement disorders. Historically, the term dystonia has been used extensively by some authors ...