Candida albicans is able to proliferate in environments that vary dramatically in ambient pH, a trait required for colonising niches such as the stomach, vaginal mucosal and the GI tract. Here we show that growth in acidic environments involves cell wall remodelling which results in enhanced chitin and β-glucan exposure at the cell wall periphery. Unmasking of the underlying immuno-stimulatory ...

BACKGROUND Adenomyomatosis of gallbladder is an acquired hyperplastic lesion, characterized by focal or diffuse thickening of the gallbladder with intramural cysts or echogenic areas with comet tail on ultrasonography. But in some cases, especially in the localized fundal type of adenomyomatosis, the intramural anechoic cystic spaces are uncertainty which causes difficult to differential adenom...

A cerebral aneurysm is a medical condition where artery can burst under adverse pressure conditions. 20% mortality rate and additional 30 to 40% morbidity have been reported for patients suffering from the rupture of aneurysms. In addition wall shear stress, input jets, induced pressure, complicated unstable flow patterns are other important parameters associated with clinical history ruptures....

AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) as a modality for diagnosing perforation of the gallbladder (GB) and pericholecystic hepatic abscess. METHODS This retrospective study comprised 6 patients with acute cholecystitis and GB perforation plus pericholecystic hepatic abscess who underwent conventional US and CEUS imaging. The following sonograph...

In this paper we report, for the first time, the alignment enhanced photoconductivity of single wall carbon nanotube films upon laser illumination. The photoconductivity exhibited an increase, decrease or even 'negative' values when the laser spot was on different positions between contact electrodes, showing a 'position' dependent photoconductivity of partially aligned films of carbon nanotube...

of primary treatment under anaesthesia in the first 24 hours after admission to hospital. This group included the 8 fractures with bruising evident at initial presentation. Thirteen other fractures in this group (without evidence of bruising at initial presentation) had developed overt bruising by the time of definitive treatment within 24 hours of hospital admission. Sixteen fractures were rev...

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive molecule involved in cell wall metabolism, which has been recognized as a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity. We have investigated the effects of Al-induced NO production on cell wall composition and the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yang-5). We found that Al exposure induce...