Regulation of both transcription and RNA splicing requires enhancer elements, that is, cis-acting DNA or RNA sequences that promote the activities of linked promoters or splice sites, respectively. Both types of enhancer associate with regulatory proteins to form multicomponent enhancer complexes that recruit the necessary enzymatic machinery to promoter or splice site recognition sequences. Th...

In addition to mediating sister chromatid cohesion during the cell cycle, the cohesin complex associates with CTCF and with active gene regulatory elements to form long-range interactions between its binding sites. Genome-wide chromosome conformation capture had shown that cohesin's main role in interphase genome organization is in mediating interactions within architectural chromosome compartm...

We have documented that the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) internal enhancer functions in the nontransformed Baby Hamster Kidney (BHK) cell line. The sequences within this region were assayed for their ability to bind to specific factors present in BHK nuclear extracts using the gel retardation assay and DNAse I footprinting. At least two sequences within the internal enhancer which can specifically ...

Adiponectin is exclusively expressed in adipose tissue and secreted from adipocytes, and shows anti-diabetic and anti-atherogenic properties. However, the precise transcriptional mechanism of adiponectin remains elusive. In this study, the 5' flanking promoter region of human adiponectin gene was analyzed using UCSC genome browser, and a 10 390-bp fragment, containing an evolutionally conserved...

Chelating agent is known as the enhancer for metal phytoextraction; however, there still a lack of efficient and environmentally sustainable chelators. Here, lemon residue extraction (LRE), prepared from 11 kinds fruit wastes, was combined with N, N-bis (carboxymethyl) glutamic acid (GLDA), tea saponin (T.S.) compounded plant-derived chelator (CPC), their influences on Cd phytoextraction by hyp...

Enhancers are regulatory DNA elements that can activate their genomic targets over a large distance. The mechanism of enhancer action over large distance is unknown. Activation of the glnAp2 promoter by NtrC-dependent enhancer in Escherichia coli was analyzed by using a purified system supporting multiple-round transcription in vitro. The data suggest that DNA supercoiling is an essential requi...

Runx2 is essential for osteoblast differentiation and chondrocyte maturation. The expression of Runx2 is the first requisite step for the lineage determination from mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts. Although the transcript from Runx2 distal promoter is majorly expressed in osteoblasts, the promoter failed to direct green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression to osteoblasts. To find the regu...

Transcriptional enhancers in large gene complexes activate promoters over huge distances, yet little is known about the mechanism of these long-range interactions. We report that the promoter targeting sequence (PTS) from the Abdominal-B locus of the Drosophila bithorax complex facilitates the activity of a distantly located enhancer in transgenic embryos and that it restricts the enhancer to a...

Bacteria are considered as foremost bioremediating agents among microorganisms, encompassing simple biological mechanism to tolerate higher concentration of heavy metal and favoring conservative strategies substitute the usage chemicals. Relating this implication, present study is designed identify, screen characterize bacteria from industrial site soil multimetals. Almost 108 colonies were obt...