In the environment, organisms are exposed to a diverse array of chemicals in complexmixtures. Themajority of approaches that aim to assess the risk of environmental chemical mixtures, including those used by regulatory bodies, use toxicity data generated from the individual component chemicals to predict the overall mixture toxicity. It is assumed that the behaviour of chemicals in a mixture ca...

a methodology of ecological risk assessment for the terrestrial ecosystem under chronicradioactive pollution of a biotope near a regional radioactive waste storage has been developed in terms of thecritical environmental loads analyzed. it consists of five stages: determination of effect indicators and assessmentof their values; establishment of reference species and indices; assessment and ana...

Sunmanr A total of 164 consecutive adults with newly confirmed stage IIIB. IVA or IVB Hodgkin's disease (HD) commenced cychcal combination chemotherapy comprising mustine. vinblastine. prednisolone and procarbazine (MVPP) every 6 weeks (145 patients) or minor variants (19) at St Bartholomew's Hospital between 1968 and 1984. The median follow-up period is 14 years. Complete remission (CR) was ac...

In order to fulfil the requirement of the guidance notes supplementing Annex II to Directive 2001/18/EC on the deliberate release into the environment of genetically modified organisms the current environmental risk assessment of genetically modified plants needs to be improved. By adopting a quantitative and predictive environmental risk assessment methodology it is possible to aid decis ion m...

Environmental epidemiology requires effective models that take individual observations of environmental factors and connect them into meaningful patterns. Single-factor relationships have given way to multivariable analyses; simple additive models have been augmented by multiplicative (logistic) models. Each of these steps has produced greater enlightenment and understanding. Models that allow ...

World Health Organization’s International Programme on Chemical Safety. Throughout the course, the lectures explaining the theoretical concepts and principles of hazard identification, doseresponse assessment, environmental risk assessment and risk management and reduction were supported by practical examples which included dietary risk assessment cases, air pollution, cancer risk assessment ca...

background: in the refractory brick manufacturing industry, because of the high risks associated with the level of dust in the factory environment and thermal stress, a precise identification of industrial hazards is required as a part of safety analysis. the aim of this study was to introduce a preventive approach to risk identification and assessment in the refractory brick production line.  ...