BACKGROUND Shigellosis is a global human health problem. The disease is most prevalent in developing countries with poor access to safe potable water and sanitation. Shigella boydii is of particular epidemiological importance in developing nations such as African and Asian countries. In the present study, we report on the analysis of a temporal cluster of 29 S. boydii serotype 2 strains, isolat...

OBJECTIVES A salmonellosis outbreak occurred within a community of Gyeongju residents who ingested catered food from a wedding in June 2009. We aimed to epidemiologically investigate the probable vehicle of the infection. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study on 34 local residents who ingested the wedding food. RESULTS Among the 34 residents, 31 (91.2%) reported symptoms of infe...

The current study aimed to reveal the pathogenic and spreading mechanisms of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus (CA-SA) by analyzing its prevalence, drug resistance, virulence, and pathogenic factors. Historical information regarding CA skin and soft tissue infections were collected and disease characteristics were analyzed. Isolated CA-SA strains were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity ...

Viral hepatitis is a major public health problem in India and epidemiology of viral hepatitis is going to changing as outbreaks of hepatitis A are being reported with increased frequency, in the pediatric age group as well. Objective: To study the time, place, and person distribution of hepatitis A infection in rural school population & to find the source of infection in the study area. Methodo...

BACKGROUND Two parallel gastroenteritis outbreaks occurred in an elementary school and a neighboring kindergarten in Kilkis, Northern Greece in 2012. The aim of the study was the investigation of these two parallel outbreaks as well as their possible source. METHODS Two retrospective cohort studies were performed to identify the mode and the vehicle of transmission as well as the possible con...

OBJECTIVE Salmonella enterica serovar Kedougou is among the top 10 serovars reported in northern Thailand. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors associated with Salmonella Kedougou infection in Thailand and to compare the molecular types and antimicrobial resistance with Salmonella Kedougou isolates of human origin from United States and of animal origin from the United Kingd...

Established guidelines for causal inference in epidemiological studies may be inappropriate for genetic associations. A consensus process was used to develop guidance criteria for assessing cumulative epidemiologic evidence in genetic associations. A proposed semiquantitative index assigns three levels for the amount of evidence, extent of replication, and protection from bias, and also generat...

Established guidelines for causal inference in epidemiological studies may be inappropriate for genetic associations. A consensus process was used to develop guidance criteria for assessing cumulative epidemiologic evidence in genetic associations. A proposed semi-quantitative index assigns three levels for the amount of evidence, extent of replication, and protection from bias, and also genera...

background and aims: nowadays, orofacial clefts are known as the most common orofacial birth defects. several factors are responsible for problem, such as environmental factors, genetic background, nutritional deficiencies such as vitamins, zinc, iron, maternal diseases, exposure to teratogenicagents, smoking, drugs, organic solvents. the aim of this study was to evaluate the of risk factors fr...

An unimmunized schoolchild with no history of foreign travel developed severe diphtheria. Epidemiological investigations led to the discovery a child in same class cutaneous diphtheria who had just returned from Bangladesh; this highlights importance swabbing all skin lesions acquired endemic areas during any outbreak investigation.