Epidural fibrosis is characterized by the development of dense and thick scar tissue adjacent to the dural mater and ranked as the major contributor for post-operative pain recurrence after laminectomy or discectomy. Recently, CCN5 exhibited an inhibitory effect on connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)/CCN2 (a critical regulator for fibrotic disease)‑mediated fibrogenesis. However, its function...

STUDY DESIGN This is a prospective, randomized, controlled study designed and conducted over 10 years from 2002 to 2012. PURPOSE The study aimed to monitor the effect of suction drains (SD) on the incidence of epidural fibrosis (EF) and to test, if the use of SD alone, SD with local steroids application, SD combined with fat grafts and local steroids application, or SD combined with fat graft...

Background & Importance: Acute epidural hematoma is a very rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion. The insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt can cause sudden decompression of the brain, subsequent to which epidural hematoma occurs due to CSF drainage. To our knowledge, there are only a few cases of acute epidural hematoma in the literature which required acute e...

Discal cysts--intraspinal cysts communicating with an adjacent intervertebral disc--are an uncommon cause of lumbar radiculopathy. We report a case of discal cyst of the lumbar spine. The cyst contents were bloody and clotted rapidly; no disc materials were seen. Communication between the cyst and the intervertebral disc was detected. Histopathology of the cyst wall revealed fibrous connective ...

Peridural fibrosis is a major obstacle for a successful spinal surgery. The most common surgical method used for the treatment of spinal disorder is Lumbar discectomy. After the initial surgical intervention, approximately 20% of patients will undergo revision surgery within 5 years. The common attributes of surgical failure after performing lumbar discectomy are peridural, epidural and perineu...

Twenty patients with failed back surgery syndrome were analyzed prospectively with MR imaging. In addition, 10 of these patients were analyzed with high-dose contrast-enhanced CT or gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced MR imaging. Imaging results were compared with surgical and pathologic findings in all cases. In the 10-patient subset, abnormal epidural soft-tissue specimens were also assessed w...

background & importance: acute epidural hematoma is a very rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion. the insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt can cause sudden decompression of the brain, subsequent to which epidural hematoma occurs due to csf drainage. to our knowledge, there are only a few cases of acute epidural hematoma in the literature which required acute evacuation....