Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is characterized by delivering a high amount of dose in a short period of time. In SBRT the dose is delivered using open fields (e.g., beam's-eye-view) known as 'apertures'. Mathematical methods can be used for optimizing treatment planning for delivery of sufficient dose to the cancerous cells while keeping the dose to surrounding organs at risk (OARs...

Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) epidemics and equine epizootics occurred periodically in the Americas from the 1920s until the early 1970s, when the causative viruses, subtypes IAB and IC, were postulated to have become extinct. Recent outbreaks in Columbia and Venezuela have renewed interest in the source of epidemic/epizootic viruses and their mechanism of interepizootic maintenance. We ...

A real binary tensor consists of $2^d$ entries arranged into hypercube format $2^{\times d}$. For $d=2$, a is $2\times 2$ matrix with two singular values. Their product the determinant. We generalize this formula for any $d\ge 2$. Given partition $\mu\vdash d$ and $\mu$-symmetric $t$, we study distance function from $t$ to variety $X_{\mu,\mathbb{R}}$ tensors rank one. The local minima related ...

Studies have suggested that enzootic strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) subtype ID in the Amazon region, Peru, may be less pathogenic to humans than are epizootic variants. Deaths of 2 persons with evidence of acute VEE virus infection indicate that fatal VEEV infection in Peru is likely. Cases may remain underreported.

In this paper, we first introduce the concepts of weakly prime and weakly quasi-prime fuzzy left ideals of an ordered semigroup S. Furthermore, we give some characterizations of weakly prime and weakly quasi-prime fuzzy left ideals of an ordered semigroup S by the ordered fuzzy points and fuzzy subsets of S. Keywords—Ordered semigroup; ordered fuzzy point; weakly prime fuzzy left ideal; weakly ...

We study Morse subgroups and boundaries of random right-angled Coxeter groups in the Erdős–Rényi model. show that at densities below $$\left( \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}-\epsilon \right) \sqrt{\frac{\log {n}}{n}}$$ almost surely have hyperbolic surface subgroups. This implies their contain embedded circles. Further, above \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}+\epsilon we that, surely, special a group are virtually free. a...

Abstract In any U -abundant semigroup with an Ehresmann transversal, two significant components R and L are introduced in this paper described by Green’s ∼ \sim -relations. Some interesting properties associated explored some equivalent conditions for the transversal to be a quasi-ideal acquired. Finally, spined produc...

The generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) holds great promise for the development of regenerative medicine therapies to treat a wide range of human diseases. However, the generation of iPSCs in the absence of integrative DNA vectors remains problematic. Here, we report a simple, highly reproducible RNA-based iPSC generation approach that utilizes a single, synthetic self-re...

Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE), western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE), and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) viruses are mosquito-borne pathogens that can cause nonspecific illnesses and encephalitis in equids (horses, mules, burros, donkeys and zebras) and humans in the Americas. Some of these viruses also affect birds and occasionally other mammals. No specific treatment is a...