Biological sensory systems generally operate out of equilibrium, which often leads to their improved performance. Here, we study the sensitivity of ligand concentration for a general receptor model, which is generally in the non-equilibrium stationary state, in the framework of a stochastic diffusion equation. We derived a general formula of the maximum sensitivity. Specifically, the sensitivit...

The behavior of a solution of equilibrium polymers (or living polymers) at an interface is studied, using a Bethe-Guggenheim lattice model for molecules with orientation dependent interactions. The density profile of polymers and the chain length distribution are calculated. For equilibrium polymers at a nonadsorbing surface it is found that the depletion layer thickness has a maximum. In dilut...

We report on our investigation of a low Reynolds number non-equilibrium electrokinetic flow in a micro/nanochannel platform. Non-equilibrium electrokinetic phenomena include so-called concentration polarization in a moderate electric field and vortex formation in a high electric field. We conducted a spectral analysis of non-equilibrium electrokinetic vortices at a micro/nanochannel interface. ...

thereby initiating a rapid change in the fumarate/succinate ratio, the free radical concentration increases to a maximum and then declines to zero Our results suggest, therefore, that the free radicals observed in heart particles arise from equilibrium processes catalyzed by succinic dehydrogenase and that their steady-state concentration is governed by the parameters which affect this equilibr...

Sawdust is obtained from naturally and easily available which is biodegradable. The bio sorption capacity of the sawdust for hexavalent chromium was studied at different solution pH values (1.5-6), initial metal concentration (50450 mg/L), adsorbent dose (1-7 g/L). The maximum adsorption of Cr (VI) is obtained at pH 1.5, initial concentration 50 ppm and adsorbent dose 5 g/l. The adsorption of c...

Numerical simulation of migration of chemical substances from HDPE into foods(simulants)is performed based on the finite element method(FEM). The results show that concentration of migrants in foods at equilibrium increases with the increase of its initial concentration in packaging. Diffusivity of migrants is key to migration dynamics. Partition coefficient represents ration of concentration i...

Spectrophotometric procedures allow rapid and precise measurements of the pH of natural waters. However, impurities in the acid-base indicators used in these analyses can significantly affect measurement accuracy. This work describes HPLC procedures for purifying one such indicator, meta-cresol purple (mCP), and reports mCP physical-chemical characteristics (thermodynamic equilibrium constants ...

Sea water is a salt solution of about 3.5 per cent concentration whose various constituents are maintained in almost constant proportions. A notable exception to these constant relations occurs in the case of carbon dioxide, which is found to vary greatly in concentration. These facts of variation arc undoubtedly related to the conditions of organic activity, and the concentration of carbonic a...

Sea water is a salt solution of about 3.5 per cent concentration whose various constituents are maintained in almost constant proportions. A notable exception to these constant relations occurs in the case of carbon dioxide, which is found to vary greatly in concentration. These facts of variation arc undoubtedly related to the conditions of organic activity, and the concentration of carbonic a...

lthough many of the solvent properties of water can be explained in terms of the uncharged H2O molecules,the small degree of ionization of water to hydrogen ions (H) and hydroxide ions (OH ) must also be taken into account. Like all reversible reactions, the ionization of water can be described by an equilibrium constant. When weak acids or weak bases are dissolved in water, they can contribute...