background several methods for assessment of severity of pain have been proposed but all of them are subjective. objectives this study evaluated the association concerning changes in electrical resistance (er) between two acupuncture points and severity of postoperative pain in order to define an objective measurement of pain. patients and methods in a cross-sectional study, 50 patients undergo...

The present study deals with the inverse DEA using the non-radial Enhanced Russell (ER)-measure in the presence of fuzzy data. This paper proposes a technique to treat the fuzzy data in the problem of simultaneous estimation of input-output levels. Necessary and sufficient conditions are provided for ER-measure maintaining in the presence of fuzzy data. A numerical example with real data is pre...

introduction: periodontitis is an inflammatory periodontal disease that leads to tooth loss. recently laser has been introduced as an alternative treatment for periodontitis. the aim of the present study was to compare the effect of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (er:yag) laser with ultrasonic scaler in patients with moderate chronic periodontitis. methods: in this randomized single-blind...

introduction: the purpose of this study was to evaluate amalgam surfaces treated by different output powers of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (er:yag) laser by scanning electron microscope (sem). methods: twenty-one amalgam blocks (8 mm × 8 mm, 3 mm thickness) were prepared by condensing silver amalgam (into putty impression material. after keeping them for 24 hours in distilled water, th...

introduction: the aim of this study was to assess shear bond strength of composite to dentin after air abrasion and laser treatment. methods: 40 human extracted molars divided into 4 groups (n=10) received the following treatments. group 1: carbide bur, group 2: air abrasion with aluminum oxide 50 μm, group 3: irradiated with erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (er: yag) laser (150 mj/20hz), g...