Long-term and high-resolution gridded products of precipitation temperature data are highly important to study the changes in climate environment under global warming. Considering uncertainties these mountainous areas, it is necessary evaluate reliability. This evaluates performances CMFD (China Meteorological Forcing Dataset) ERA5-Land simulating Qilian Mountains over period 1980–2018. We use ...

Rainfall extremes are of major and increasing importance in semi-arid countries their variability has strong implications for water resource climate impacts on the local societies environment. Here, we examine intraseasonal descriptors (ISDs) wet austral summer rainfall (November–February) over South Africa (SA). Using daily observations from 225 rain gauges ERA5 reanalysis between 1979 2015, p...

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Interpreting the results of a high-level clouds (HLCs) lidar study requires comparison with vertical profiles meteorological quantities. There are no regular radiosonde measurements quantities in Tomsk. The nearest aerological stations several hundred kilometers away from and perform only few times day, whereas experiments performed continuously throughout day. To estimate conditions at HLC alt...

The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of the CMIP6 global circulation models (GCMs) varies from 1.83 {\deg}C to 5.67 {\deg}C. Herein, 38 GCMs are grouped into three ECS classes (low, 1.80-3.00 {\deg}C; medium, 3.01-4.50 high, 4.51-6.00 {\deg}C) and compared against ERA5-T2m records 1980-1990 2011-2021. We found that all with > 3.0 overestimate observed surface warming spatial t-statistics r...

In this paper, we analyze the surface winds of ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis in Atlantic Ocean. The first part addresses a validation, studying spatial distribution errors and performance as function percentiles, with further investigation under cyclonic conditions. second proposes compares two calibration models, simple least-squares linear regression (LR) quantile mapping method (QM). Our results ind...

In the context of European Green Deal implementation, it is expected that there will be an increase in number wind farms located near coastal areas order to support this initiative. The Black Sea represents important source energy, and as a consequence, present work regional resources (onshore offshore) are evaluated by considering total 20 years ERA5 data covering 20-year time interval from Ja...