See article by Tani et al. [7] (pages 56 –68) in this ergic, bradykinin, endothelin, angiotensin, d-opioid peptide issue. and muscarinic receptors [9–15]. Activation of specific G-proteins (depending on the respective G-protein-coupled receptor type) causes generation of inositol (1,4,5) tris

Early stages in vaccinia virus (VV) assembly involve the recruitment of cellular membranes from the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) to virus factories (or virosomes). The key viral factors involved in this process are not yet known. We have previously identified and characterized two viral proteins, of 21 kDa (A17L gene) and 15 kDa (A14L gene), that associate with t...

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent central nervous system diseases imposing a high social burden to our society. Emotional processing is particularly controlled by GABA-ergic transmission in the amygdala. Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry we now investigated changes in the expression of GABA synthesizing enzymes (GAD65 and GAD67), GABA(A) (α1-5, β1-3, γ1-2) and GABA(B) ...

Microtubule disruption has dramatic effects on the normal centrosomal localization of the Golgi complex, with Golgi elements remaining as competent functional units but undergoing a reversible "fragmentation" and dispersal throughout the cytoplasm. In this study we have analyzed this process using digital fluorescence image processing microscopy combined with biochemical and ultrastructural app...

In this issue of Neuron, Pinto and Dan (2015) performed single-cell calcium imaging in the mouse dorsomedial prefrontal cortex to reveal correlated, cell-type-specific responses in three major GABA-ergic interneuron subtypes during a goal-directed sensory discrimination task.

The noradrenergic (NA-ergic) rapid eye movement (REM)-OFF neurons in locus coeruleus (LC) and cholinergic REM-ON neurons in laterodorsal/pedunculopontine tegmentum show a reciprocal firing pattern. The REM-ON neurons fire during REM sleep whereas REM-OFF neurons stop firing during REM sleep. The cessation of firing of REM-OFF neurons is a pre-requisite for the generation of REM sleep and non-ce...