this study aims to estimate the function of copper consumption using the johansen approach in time series data, between 1991-2011 in iran. the literature review of specialized consumption and demand functions shows factors influencing the consumption of copper including copper price variables, aluminum price as a substitute commodity, oil price as a complementary commodity, and industrializatio...

The present study is an attempt to explore any significant relationships between learners’ preferences for error correction, demotivation, and language proficiency (LP). One hundred Iranian EFL students, including both males and females, studying at the departments of foreign languages of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Tehran University took part in this study. In order to obtain the r...

This paper investigates Korean financial markets for the study of market microstructure of price discovery in the KOSPI 200 stock index and its related derivatives markets using different time-interval price data. The Granger causality test and vector error correction model are used to analyze the empirical relationship between markets. The lead–lag relationship between the KOSPI 200 stock inde...

Limiting factors for the precise orbit determination POD of low-earth orbit LEO satellite using dual-frequency GPS are nowadays mainly encountered with the in-flight phase error modeling. The phase error is modeled as a systematic and a random component each depending on the direction of GPS signal reception. The systematic part and standard deviation of random part in phase error model are, re...

The objective of the paper is to examine applicability of Taylor type rule in current Indian economic environment. India has gradually slackened its control on several macroeconomic variables and allowed influence of market forces in many areas. In this scenario, we tried to examine an extended Taylor type equation involving interest rates, output gap, inflation gap, foreign exchanges rate, sto...

The error correction model is generally thought to be isomorphic to integrated data and the modeling of cointegrated processes, and as such, is considered inappropriate for stationary data. Given that many political time series are not integrated, analysts are unable to take advantages of the error correction model’s ability to capture both long and short-term dynamics in a single statistical m...

This paper develops a Bayesian Vector Error Correction Model (BVECM) for forecasting inventory investment in South Africa. The model is estimated using quarterly data on actual sales, production, unfilled orders, price levels and interest rates, for the period of 1978 to 2000. The out-of-sample-forecast accuracy obtained from the BVECM, over the forecasting horizon of 2001:1 to 2003:4, is compa...