Empirical studies addressing questions of political information and/or sophistication are common and varied. Some assume the importance of an informed citizenry, and attempt to gauge the level, distribution, and correlates of political knowledge in the U.S. public (Hyman and Sheatsley, 1947; Kriesberg, 1949; Metzner, 1949; Berelson, et al., 1954; Hero, 1959; Withey, 1962; Erskine, 1962; 1963a; ...

Ratification of appointment of repositories by the International Mycological Congress is reported. The following two family names are recommended for conservation: Chrysotrichaceae against Pulverariaceae; and the teleomorphtypified Erysiphaceae against the anamorph-typified Oidiaceae. The following family name is not recommended for conservation: Dothioraceae against Saccotheciaceae. The follow...

The Gram-negative bacterial genus Xanthomonas includes numerous infra-specific taxa known as pathovars, which are defined primarily on host range and disease symptoms. With the advent of molecular sequence data, many pathovars have been transferred from X. campestris into other species to better harmonise taxonomy phylogeny. We performed whole-genome shotgun sequencing pathotype strains followi...

Digital information communication technologies (DICTs) play an ever-more prominent role in politics, from the technologically sophisticated presidential campaign of Barack Obama to the Twitter-inspired Occupy Wall Street movement. However, not all political groups embrace technology to the same degree. Little scholarly attention has been paid to understanding why some groups adopt DICTs and use...

Systemic effect of two plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) strains,viz., Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf4) and P. aeruginosa (Pag), was evaluated on pea (Pisum sativum) against the powdery mildew pathogen Erysiphe pisi. Foliar spray of the two PGPR strains was done on specific nodal leaves of pea and conidial germination of E. pisi was observed on other nodal leaves,distal to the treated o...

The effect of methanolic extract of cashewnut (Anacardium occidentale) shell extract was seen on conidial germination of Erysiphe pisi and powdery mildew development in pea (Pisum sativum). Maximum conidial germination inhibition of E. pisi on glass slides was observed at 300 ppm. Similar effect on floated pea leaves was observed after 48 h at the same concentration. Conidial germination on int...

The interaction between neuromuscular systems and body mechanics plays an important role in the production of coordinated movements in animals. Lepidopteran insects move their wings by distortion of the thorax structure via the indirect flight muscles (IFMs), which are activated by neural signals at every stroke. However, how the action of these muscles affects thorax deformation and wing kinem...

in the spring and summer of 2012, a survey was conducted to study the biological control agents of field bindweed (convolvolus arvensis l.) in the city of mashhad and its suburban areas. lepidopteran larvae were observed feeding on the leaves of field bindweed. the larvae were collected and reared in an insectarium and later sent to dr h. alipanah (iranian research institute of plant protection...

Abstract Background Production of medicinal plants in Taiwan is not only hampered by international market competition, but also lack knowledge their pathogens, such as powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales, Ascomycota). Records these originate from few researchers for the last one hundred years and are still incomplete. Since mildews tropical/subtropical environments rarely develop sexual stages wi...