The Guiana Shield (GS) is one of the most pristine regions of Amazonia and biologically one of the richest areas on Earth. How and when this massive diversity arose remains the subject of considerable debate. The prevailing hypothesis of Quaternary glacial refugia suggests that a part of the eastern GS, among other areas in Amazonia, served as stable forested refugia during periods of aridity. ...

This article offers an account of embodied exchange with the world that associates conscious operations with actively inferring the causes of our sensations. Its agenda is to link formal (mathematical) descriptions of dynamical systems to a description of perception in terms of beliefs and goals. The argument has two parts: the first calls on the lawful dynamics of any (weakly mixing ergodic) s...

BACKGROUND Norovirus, formerly known as Norwalk virus, is an important cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks in hospitals, food services, schools, and cruise ships. Infection control practices by using disinfectants to eliminate noroviruses from surfaces and environmental samples reduce the morbidity and spread of virus outbreaks. There are not many commercial disinfectants effective against norov...

The history of geological cartography the present territory Lithuania starts with a map published by Jean Etienne Guettard in 1764 and followed maps Stanisław Staszic 1806, Ignacy Domeyko 1837, Frederic Dubois de Montpereaux 1830. A new period investigations compilation about 1840 is closely related development stratigraphic knowledge; therefore, this marks beginning mapping using concept (Helm...