Type IV pili (T4P) are dynamic surface structures that undergo cycles of extension and retraction. T4P dynamics center on the PilB and PilT proteins, which are members of the secretion ATPase superfamily of proteins. Here, we show that PilB and PilT of the T4P system in Myxococcus xanthus have ATPase activity in vitro. Using a structure-guided approach, we systematically mutagenized PilB and Pi...

Neuronal differentiation involves the formation and extension of neuronal processes. We have identified a novel regulator of neurite formation and extension, the neurite outgrowth multiadaptor, NOMA-GAP, which belongs to a new family of multiadaptor proteins with RhoGAP activity. We show that NOMA-GAP is essential for NGF-stimulated neuronal differentiation and for the regulation of the ERK5 MA...

the main objective of present paper was to study the validity of agricultural extension indices for ranking iranian provinces in terms of extension and education activities. the study was carried out in two phases. in phase one through review of literature, 137 extension-education indices were identified. the indices were classified in seven fields as following: 1) indices of extension workers,...

This study examined the training needs of agricultural extension agents in Delta State, Nigeria. A sample of 102 respondents was drawn from extension agents in the States’ Agricultural Development Programme (ADP), Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (MANR) and the FADAMA Programme. Data were collected in February 2017 by using a structured and validated questionnaire. Data generated w...

relationship between public and private sector is becoming an increasingly important issue in management of agricultural extension services. the need for a strong linkage could be identified as the gap between desirable and current situation. in this research, the differences among current and desirable situation in six diverse dimensions was calculated. the current and desirable situation was ...

the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of extension services in enhancing effectiveness of out growers’ credit system in kisumu county, kenya. the study specifically sought to determine whether public and private extension services play a significant role in enhancing effectiveness of out-growers’ credit system among smallholder sugarcane farmers. a total of 110 small scale farme...

abstractthe purpose of this study was to assess organizational and personnel structure in iranian agriculture extension system (iaes). the research instrument was a structural questionnaire including close-ended questions which its validity and reliability was confirmed by using expert panel and cranach’s alpha test, respectively. the statistical population of this research included all public ...

We model alternating-announcements cheap talk, while discussing the efficiency consequences of explicitly allowing the ‘no-agreement’ outcome of the game with communication to vary with players’ cheap talk announcements. Our results give further consistency to the argument that a cheap talk extension does not necessarily imply efficiency in the play of the original game. Moreover, we characteri...