Induction of granulocytic differentiation in HL-60 myeloid leukemia cells by retinoids is followed by their death via apoptosis. Retinoids are known to mediate their biological effects through at least two distinct types of nuclear receptors, the retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors. We undertook to characterize the potential role of these receptors in inducing differentiation and a...

BACKGROUND Although self-esteem is related to problematic drinking, the mechanisms by which it affects drinking remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine whether coping mechanisms mediate the relationship between self-esteem and problematic drinking among Chinese men and women with alcohol use disorders and to recommend appropriate interventions for drinking problems. METHODS...

Longitudinal analysis by McGee and Williams (2000, Journal of Adolescence, 23, 569-582, doi: 10.1006/jado.2000.0344) indicates that global self-esteem is not related to substance use in early youth. In the case of tobacco use Glendinning and Inglis (1999, Journal of Adolescence, 22, 673-682, doi: 10.1006/jado.1999.0262) have looked at the "problem" of self-esteem in youth and its relevance for ...

Introduction: Infertility could decrease the self-esteem of the infertile couples. Using the defensive style is one way to deal with stressful events. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of self-esteem and defense mechanisms based on the cause of infertility. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 400 infertile couples referred to infertility center in Tehran, Iran. P...

Introduction: Death anxiety and low self-esteem are major problems in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Spiritual interventions, along with other nursing interventions, can restore the balance between body and soul. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of the spiritual care program on death anxiety and self-esteem in MS patients.  Materials and Methods: In this clinical tr...

veterans with post traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) suffer from distressing and disabling symptoms. many studies have shown that ptsd symptoms can negatively influence quality of life of their partners. this study was designed to assess general health, marital satisfaction and self-esteem levels of partners of iranian veterans with ptsd. we performed a case-control study. cases were comprised o...

OBJECTIVES Identification of the causal impact of self-esteem on smoking stages faces seemingly insurmountable problems in observational data, where self-esteem is not manipulable by the researcher and cannot be assigned randomly. The aim of this study was to find out if weaker self-esteem in adolescence is a risk factor of cigarette smoking in a longitudinal study in Iran. METHODS In this lo...