We have previously found that estradiol increases (within 4 h) but then decreases (within 48 h) cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of adult female ovariectomized (OVX) rats and of intact meadow voles and that estradiol partially stimulates adrenal activity to suppress cell proliferation in rats. Estradiol enhances N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) activity and NMDAr activation suppress...

Metabolism of locally applied 17beta-estradiol (estradiol) to methoxyestradiols contributes to the growth inhibiting effects of estradiol on vascular smooth muscle cells via an estrogen receptor (ER)-independent mechanism. Because vascular smooth muscle cells are phenotypically similar to glomerular mesangial cells, it is feasible that estradiol inhibits glomerular mesangial cell growth via a s...

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) repair damaged endothelium and promote capillary formation, processes involving receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Because estradiol augments vascular repair, we hypothesize that estradiol increases EPC proliferation and capillary formation via RTK activation and induction of HO-1. Physiological concentrations of estradiol (10 nmol/...

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) repair damaged endothelium and promote capillary formation, processes involving receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Because estradiol augments vascular repair, we hypothesize that estradiol increases EPC proliferation and capillary formation via RTK activation and induction of HO-1. Physiological concentrations of estradiol (10 nmol/...

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) repair damaged endothelium and promote capillary formation, processes involving receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Because estradiol augments vascular repair, we hypothesize that estradiol increases EPC proliferation and capillary formation via RTK activation and induction of HO-1. Physiological concentrations of estradiol (10 nmol/...

BACKGROUND Experimental studies demonstrate beneficial immunological and hemodynamic effects of estradiol in animal models of sepsis. This raises the question whether estradiol contributes to sex differences in the incidence and outcomes of sepsis in humans. Yet, total estradiol levels are elevated in sepsis patients, particularly nonsurvivors. Bioavailable estradiol concentrations have not pre...

In the rabbit, estradiol is the primary luteotropic hormone. Estradiol withdrawal results in a rapid decline in serum progesterone and eventually in corpus luteum (CL) regression. The objective of this study was to determine whether estradiol modulates luteal cell apoptosis. In the first experiment, rabbits were randomly assigned to one of five experimental groups. An empty capsule (control) or...

The long-term effect of percutaneous and oral estrogen replacement therapy on blood pressure, plasma renin substrate, and serum estrogens was examined in a 2 year placebo-controlled study with 110 early postmenopausal women. The women were allocated to four treatment groups: (1) oral cyclical combination of 2 mg estradiol valerate and cyproterone acetate, (2) oral placebo, (3) percutaneous 17 b...

The biological relationship between ac-estradiol and estrone has been established by the isolation of the latter compound from the urine of normal and ovariectomized female and normal male guinea pigs (2, 3) and man (4,5) following the administration of cu-estradiol. In view of the conclusion of Pincus (6), that a-estradiol is not converted to estrone by the ovariectomized rabbit, it was consid...

The metabolism of labeled sex hormones was examined in human, canine, and rat aortas. Isolated arterial tissue converted estrone to estradiol, estradiol to estrone, and estrone sulfate to estrone and estradiol. The arterial wall also appeared to metabolize testosterone to androstenedione and an unidentified, relatively nonpolar derivative. Both estrogens and testosterone appeared to enter the a...