Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent stimulator of angiogenesis and a prognostic factor for many tumors including those of endocrine-responsive tissues such as the breast and uterus. We and others have previously shown that VEGF is regulated by estradiol and tamoxifen in the uterus and by estradiol in human breast cancer cells, and pharmacological evidence has suggested that th...

The biological effects of estrogen in mammalian target tissues are important for multiple organ systems including the male and female reproductive tract and the neuroendocrine, skeletal, and cardiovascular systems. Numerous physiological effects of estradiol are modulated by the estrogen receptor (ER), a Class I member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. However, more recent studies have also ...

Our appreciation of the physiological functions of estrogens and the mechanisms through which estrogens bring about these functions has changed during the past decade. Just as transgenic mice were produced in which estrogen receptors had been inactivated and we thought that we were about to understand the role of estrogen receptors in physiology and pathology, it was found that there was not on...

Background and aim: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disorder that can clinically manifest as oral mucosal ulcers. Several researchers believe that the level of female sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone could be effective in the pathogenesis and growth of lesions such as desquamative gingivitis. Studies related to oral ulcers have revealed contradictory results regarding the...

Although previous studies have shown that flutamide improves cardiovascular function after trauma-hemorrhage, the mechanisms responsible for the salutary effect remain unknown. We hypothesized that flutamide mediates its beneficial effects via an estrogen-dependent pathway through upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 (PGC-1). PGC-1, a key regulator of c...

Abstract Introduction: Estrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive) breast cancer is a subgroup of breast tumors that is more likely to respond to hormone therapy. ER-positive and ER- negative breast cancers tend to show different patterns of metastasis because of different signaling cascade and genes that are activated by estrogen response. Genetic factors can contribute to high rates of metastas...

Abstract Introduction: Estrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive) breast cancer is a subgroup of breast tumors that is more likely to respond to hormone therapy. ER-positive and ER- negative breast cancers tend to show different patterns of metastasis because of different signaling cascade and genes that are activated by estrogen response. Genetic factors can contribute to high rates of metastas...

Estrogen receptors (alpha and beta) are members of the steroid/thyroid nuclear receptors superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors. Impact of the alpha isoform of estrogen receptor (ER) on breast cancer etiology and progression is now well established. Current therapeutic strategy to treat ER-positive breast cancer relies on the blockade of ER trancriptional activity by antiestrogen...

The function of pancreatic beta-cells is the synthesis and release of insulin, the main hormone involved in blood glucose homeostasis. Estrogen receptors, ER alpha and ER beta, are important molecules involved in glucose metabolism, yet their role in pancreatic beta-cell physiology is still greatly unknown. In this report we show that both ER alpha and ER beta are present in pancreatic beta-cel...

Factor XII (FXII) is a liver-specific zymogen involved in the regulation of hemostasis, particularly in the activation of fibrinolysis. Transcription of the FXII gene is stimulated by estrogens through specific interaction of the estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) with an estrogen response element present on FXII promoter. Interestingly, the magnitude of ER alpha induction in liver HepG2 cells ...