The mycobacterial ESX-1 virulence locus accelerates macrophage recruitment to the forming tuberculous granuloma. Newly recruited macrophages phagocytose previously infected apoptotic macrophages to become new bacterial growth niches. Granuloma macrophages can then necrose, releasing mycobacteria into the extracellular milieu, which potentiates their growth even further. Using zebrafish with gen...

Mycobacterium marinum is a waterborne mycobacterial pathogen. Due to their common niche, protozoa likely represent natural hosts for M. marinum. We demonstrate that the ESX-1 secretion system is required for M. marinum pathogenesis and that M. marinum utilizes actin-based motility in amoebae. Therefore, at least two virulence pathways used by M. marinum in macrophages are conserved during M. ma...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects one third of the world's population. Due to variable efficacy of the Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine, development of novel TB vaccines remains a priority. Here, we demonstrate the protective efficacy of a novel multivalent DNA vaccine, which contains 15 synthetic antigens targeting the Mtb ESX secretion system.

VMware ESX Server is a thin software layer designed to multiplex hardware resources efficiently among virtual machines running unmodified commodity operating systems. In many computing environments, individual servers are underutilized, allowing them to be consolidated as virtual machines on a single physical server with little or no impact on performance. Similarly, many small servers can be c...

Database workloads are often provisioned on systems with much higher CPU and memory configurations than required by their average utilization. This is most commonly driven by the need for “headroom”—because database workloads are hard to migrate to a larger system, administrators often select a system much larger than immediately required in order to ensure that there will be sufficient capacit...