The detection of biomarkers of oxidative stress in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with HIV-1 dementia indicates the involvement of stress pathways in the neuropathogenesis of AIDS. While the biological importance of oxidative stress on events involved in AIDS neuropathogenesis and the HIV-1 proteins responsible for oxidative stress remain to be elucidated, our results point to...

We present here a six-species comparison of tree-ring growth response to extremes (below the 30th and above the 70th percentile) in temperature, precipitation, and corresponding streamflow. The species compared are Pinus edulis (PIED), Pseudotsuga menziesii (PSME), Pinus ponderosa (PIPO), Pinus flexilis (PIFL), Pinus aristata (PIAR), and Picea engelmannii (PCEN). Sensitivity was determined usin...

Histamine is involved in different physiological and pathological responses, such as immune response, gastric acid secretion or neurotransmission, as either angiogenesis or cancer. Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) catalyzes the formation of histamine from histidine. HDC has been suggested as a new marker for neuroendocrine differentiation, inflammatory pathologies and several leukemia and highly m...

This issue and the next issue of Prehospital and Disaster Medicine deal with the prevalence of and issues associated with terrorism from an international perspective. The papers included were collected and edited by Dr. Jeffrey Arnold, who has invested limitless hours in his desire to clarify the issues associated with terrorism. He has worked with each of the authors to provide the clearest po...

We have demonstrated a method to disperse and exfoliate graphite to give graphene suspended in water-surfactant solutions. Optical characterisation of these suspensions allowed the partial optimisation of the dispersion process. Transmission electron microscopy showed the dispersed phase to consist of small graphitic flakes. More than 40% of these flakes had <5 layers with ~3% of flakes consist...

Modelling the direct effect of aerosols in the solar near-infrared on a planetary scale N. Hatzianastassiou, C. Matsoukas, A. Fotiadi, E. Drakakis, P. W. Stackhouse Jr., P. Koepke, K. G. Pavlakis, D. Hatzidimitriou, and I. Vardavas Laboratory of Meteorology, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Gre...

Aerosol size distributions are presented for a winter intensive study at the Fresno Supersite. The size distributions were consistent with and predictive for continuous PM2.5 measured by beta attenuation. They varied temporally with respect to source type and intensity, with the smallest mean diameters associated with high NOx concentrations during weekday morning rush hours. Conversely, small ...

A Reply to the Comment by S. Skanthakumar, J. W. Lynn, and I. W. Sumarlin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2842 (1995).