As late as 1946, the ethics of both bedside medicine and bio-medical research were something physicians and scientists sorted out for themselves, or, at least, amongst themselves. Fifty years later, biomedical ethics was neither private, nor restricted to clinicians and scientists. It was a well-publicized field dominated by scholars trained in the humanities, law, and social science (including...

In this dissertation research, I try to deepen the understanding of the logic and history behind the science of science policy approaches and to substitute for this scientific evidence-based science policy model an evidence-critical and -informed model in which scientific and democratic claims are promoted simultaneously. The science of science policy, or what I call the scientizing science pol...

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During the past decade the relationship between biodiversity and human diversity has received increased attention, resulting in the identification of what the Declaration of Belém calls an ‘inextricable link’ between biological and cultural diversity. Although the term biocultural diversity, introduced to denote this link, is being used increasingly, there has been little critical reflection on...

Lattice-valued possibilistic measures, conceived and developed in more detail by G.*De Cooman in 1997 [3], enabled to apply the main ideas on which the real-valued possibilistic measures are founded also to the situations often occurring in the real world around, when the degrees of possibility, ascribed to various events charged by uncertainty, are comparable only quantitatively by the relatio...

By definition, the reference of an indexical depends on the context of utterance. For example, the proposition expressed by I am hungry depends on who says this and when. Since Kaplan (1979), context dependence has been analyzed in terms of two parameters: an utterance context, which determines the reference of indexicals, and a formally unrelated assignment function, which determines the refer...