Ethylene glycol, methanol, and diethylene glycol are readily available in many household and commercially available products. While these alcohols are relatively nontoxic themselves, their acidic metabolites are toxic and can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Herein we report a lethal case of massive ethylene glycol ingestion in a suicide with a record high level (1254 mg/dL) and i...

An accurate mass determination method utilizing electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is described for analysis of several different types of phosphoramidites that are extremely acid-sensitive compounds. An earlier method, which applied a LiCl/acetonitrile system, was extended for this special application by using polymeric standards including poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(ethylene glyc...

This paper uses self-assembled monolayers on gold as a model system to demonstrate that the attachment and spreading of Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts depends strongly on the microenvironment of immobilized RGD peptides. This work utilized monolayers that present mixtures of Arg-Gly-Asp peptides, which are ligands for cellular integrin receptors, and oligo(ethylene glycol) groups, which resist the nonsp...

Background: Chitinases (EC.3.2.1.14) hydrolyze the β-1,4-linkages in chitin, an abundant Nacetyl-β-D-glucosamine polysaccharide that is a structural component of protective biological matrices such as insect exoskeletons and fungal cell walls. The glycoside hydrolase 18 (GH18) family of chitinases is an ancient gene family widely expressed in archea, prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Mammals are not ...

Marrow-derived osteoblasts were cultured on poly(propylene fumarate-co-ethylene glycol) (P(PF-co-EG)) based hydrogels modified in bulk with a covalently linked RGDS model peptide. A poly(ethylene glycol) spacer arm was utilized to covalently link the peptide to the hydrogel. Three P(PF-co-EG) block copolymers were synthesized with varying poly(ethylene glycol) block lengths relative to poly(eth...

Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals are responsible for the kidney injury associated with exposure to ethylene glycol or severe hyperoxaluria. Current treatment strategies target the formation of calcium oxalate but not its interaction with kidney tissue. Because aluminum citrate blocks calcium oxalate binding and toxicity in human kidney cells, it may provide a different therapeutic approach ...

Computer-assisted sperm analyzers (CASA) have become the standard tool for evaluating sperm motility because they provide objective results for thousands of mammalian spermatozoa. Mammalian spermatozoa experience osmotic stress when the glycerol is added to the cells prior to freezing and removal from the cells after thawing. In order to minimize osmotic damage, cryoprotectants having lower mol...

Glycolic acid is an attractive raw material which is used as a dyeing and tanning agent in the textile industry, a flavoring agent and preservative in the food processing industry, and a skin care agent in the pharmaceutical industry. It is also utilized for the production of polyglycolic acid and other biocompatible copolymers. Glycolic acid can be isolated from natural sources, such as sugarc...