The most serious problem of nucleoside/nucleotide analogue therapy for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the emergence of drug-resistant mutant virus. Here, we describe a patient with chronic hepatitis B infection with a complex drug-resistant mutant virus during sequential therapy with lamivudine (3TC), entecavir (ETV) and adefovir dipivoxil (ADV). The patient was a 52-year-old male with po...

OBJECTIVE Entecavir (ETV) added to adefovir (ADV) is recommended in the consensus for management of patients with ADV resistance. However, little attention has been focused on the delayed reduction of HBV DNA and dynamics of ADV-resistant variants during ADV-ETV combination rescue therapy in the clinical setting. We characterized the dynamics of viral load and resistant variants in nucleos(t)id...

OBJECTIVE Blake's pouch cyst (BPC) is a midline cystic malformation of the posterior fossa, within Dandy-Walker's complex (DWC), often associated with hydrocephalus. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has been an alternative to conventional methods for BPC treatment. This study aimed at reporting our experience with ETV in a series of patients with BPC. METHODS Of 33 patients diagnosed wi...

BACKGROUND/AIM Lamivudine (LAM) plus adefovir (ADV) combination therapy is clinically efficacious for treating chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in China, but no pharmacoeconomic evaluations of this strategy are available. The aim of this study was to examine the cost-effectiveness of LAM plus ADV combination treatment compared with five other nucleos(t)ide analog monotherapies (LAM, ADV, telb...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Newly developed and potent antiviral agents suffer from the problem of drug resistance. Multidrug resistance is a major impediment in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). In line with American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidelines, adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) add-on therapy is recommended in the case of lamivudine resistance, while tenofovir di...

Over the past several decades, entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) have remained first-line antiviral agents in international guidelines. These two shown similar short to intermediateterm efficacy, including virologic, biochemical, serologic, histologic responses. However, huge controversies regarding efficacy of ETV TDF preventing development hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ...

.. Objective: To know the surgical outcome of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in non communicating hydrocephalous. Materials and methods: This study was conducted in Abaseen Hospital, Peshawar, from 13th December 2010 to 12th October 2011. Patients with non-communicating hydrocephalous, irrespective of gender discrimination were included in this study. Patients with communicated hydrocep...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the effect of combination lamivudine (LAM) and adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) versus entecavir (ETV) monotherapy for naïve HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. MATERIAL/METHODS Fifty enrolled patients with CHB were evenly divided into 2 groups: a group treated with of lamivudine (LAM) (100 mg/day) plus adefovir (ADV) (10 mg/day) combinat...

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is widely used to treat hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients in the USA and Europe. No confirmed report of resistance selection during treatment with TDF in treatment-naïve and nucleoside/nucleotide analog-treated chronic hepatitis B patients has yet been reported. Here, we report for the first time a patient with chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis who emerged wit...