Note from the Editors: although the e-Competitions editors are doing their best to build a comprehensive set of the leading EU and national antitrust cases, the completeness of the database cannot be guaranteed. The present foreword seeks to provide readers with a view of the existing trends based primarily on cases reported in e-Competitions. Readers are welcome to bring any other relevant cas...

The European Register of Specialists in Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine was established by the European Communities Confederation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EC4) in 1997. The main aims of the Register are to ensure a high quality of professional standards and practice in the European Union (EU) countries, and to assist free movement of professionals within the EU,...

FACT: Not at all! Georgia is introducing legislation to protect its citizens against discrimination. The EU welcomes this initiative, which is also a requirement under the EU's Visa Liberalisation Action Plan. The anti-discrimination law simply assures the equal treatment of all citizens, including those belonging to minorities. This protects citizens' existing rights, for example to enjoy free...

Author: Jianxiang Bi This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of ECRAN and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union.

rise in most European countries – North and South, East and West – and that they resort to anti-EU rhetoric to increase their political and electoral support. The combination of the global financial and economic crises (since 2008) with the specifically European sovereign debt crisis (since 2010) has only strengthened this trend. It is equally undeniable that mainstream parties now embrace some...

This paper considers the effect of different firm leadership on the innovative performance of firms from seven EU countries. We investigate whether owner-led or manager-led firms achieve a larger share of their turnover with product innovations. Economic theory does not propose clear results on that question. In the empirical analysis it turns out that the manager-led firms are more active inno...