Microtubule distribution was examined in whole mounts of Drosophila embryos from the cellularization of the syncytial blastoderm (stage 6) to the completion of the gastrulation (stage 7) by fluorescence microscopy. During ventral furrow formation, the fluorescence of tubulin network was not uniform, but disposed in zebra stripes. Antibodies against alpha-tubulin showed 14 alternating pairs of d...

The effects of the ionophoric antibiotic X537A on cell structure were studied with phase-contrast, fluorescence, and electron microscopy. X537A induced selective vacuolation of the Golgi apparatus of vascular and intestinal smooth muscle, epithelium, plasma cells, and cultured chick heart and guinea pig vascular smooth muscle cells. The swelling of the Golgi apparatus induced by X537A was rever...

conclusions these results indicated a potential explanation for reactivation of hbv infection when patients with hepatitis receive rapamycin. results in hepg2.2.15 cells, hbv dna and hbsag increased when host cells were treated with rapamycin and the effect was reversed by autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-ma). materials and methods hepg2.2.15 cells were treated with rapamycin to induce a...

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) is an optical technique that allows imaging of a thin layer of the sample with a thickness of about 100-200 nm. It is used in science of cell biology to study cellular processes, especially near the membranes of living cells. This method is based on the total internal reflection phenomenon, where the evanescent wave is generated in the l...

background: the rapid increase of hiv-1 strains resistant to current antiretroviral drugs is a challenge for successful aids therapy. this necessitates the development of novel drugs, and to this end, availability of screening systems for in vitro drug discovery is a priority. herein, we report the modification of a previously developed system for increased sensitivity, ease of use, and cost-ef...

A novel BiOI/TiO2 nano-heterojunction was prepared using hydrothermal and sol-gel methods. The composite material characterized by X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission microscopy. crystallinity response to light of were controlled preparation conditions such as the optimal solvent condition heat treatment temperature....

In this study, a label-free graphene-based fluorescence probe used for detection of volatile organic liquids was fabricated by a simple, efficient and low-cost method. To fabricate the probe, a bio-based β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was firstly grafted on reduced graphene surfaces effectively and uniformly, as evidenced by various characterization techniques such as Ultraviolet/Visible spectroscopy, F...

lentiviral vectors are among the promising viral based-vectors in gene therapy applications, but the efficiency of their targeting needs to be improved. (strept)avidin-biotin adaptor system is a novel approach to modify the lentiviral envelope for better targeting properties. herein, we describe utilization of this adaptor system by designing a candidate envelope protein-bearing biotin acceptor...