OBJECTIVE To determine whether pre-pregnancy BMI influences breast-feeding practice. DESIGN Retrospective epidemiological study. SETTING University Hospital Leuven, Catholic University Leuven, Belgium. SUBJECTS Two hundred women (median age 29 years, interquartile range (IQR) 4; 52 % nulliparae) were grouped into four categories according to pre-pregnancy BMI using WHO cut-offs. RESULTS...

The present study aimed to evaluate evidence on metabolisable energy consumption and pattern of consumption with age in infants in the developed world who were exclusively breast-fed, at around the time of introducing complementary feeding. We carried out a systematic review aimed at answering three questions: how much milk is transferred from mother to infant?; does transfer increase with the ...

Tumor-to-tumor metastasis (TTM) is a rare phenomenon. We present a case of an invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast metastasizing to a clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Breast cancer (BC) metastasis to the RCC is rarely reported, especially in resected kidney tumor. In several cases reported, IDC was the exclusively histologic type of BC metastasized to RCC. It seems that the diffe...

Aims: To estimate the mean breast milk sodium levels in term Pakistani mothers and to study the correlation between breast milk sodium levels and transcutaneous bilirubin levels in their exclusively breast fed term neonates. Methods: In the present study, 101 healthy mothers and their full term, exclusively breast fed neonates born by normal delivery or Lower Segment Caesarean Section, admitted...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Preterm birth relates to long-term alterations in cardiac morphology and function. Understanding whether preterm postnatal life is a tractable period of cardiovascular development that can be positively altered by nutrition is relevant to long-term outcomes. We hypothesized that being fed human breast milk during early postnatal life is beneficial to long-term cardiac ...

OBJECTIVES We investigated the association between breastfeeding duration during the first half year of life and the risk of early childhood caries from the age of 30 to 66 months in Japan. DESIGN Observational study of a longitudinal survey. SETTING A secondary data analysis of the Japanese Longitudinal Survey of Babies in the 21st Century. PARTICIPANTS 43,383 infants at the age of 6 mon...

This report is based on observations during the conduct of a study of hypocalcemia in infants and children. In a study of 50 cases, 13 exclusively breast fed infants manifesting with hypocalcemic seizures were confirmed to have vitamin D deficiency. None of the 13 infants had received vitamin D supplementation. All of them had biochemical evidence of hyperparathyroidism and low levels of 25 (OH...

WHO has strongly recommends exclusive breast feeding for at least the first 4 months and if possible the first 6 months of an infant’s life, yet we come across a large number of mothers who have stopped breastfeeding for trivial reasons thereby exposing their infants to increased risk of illnesses, malnutrition and death. 1 As exclusive breast feeding continues to deteriorate in our country wit...

To estimate the water requirements of exclusively breast-fed infants in a hot climate, theoretical calculations of water requirements were made and a field study was carried out in Jamaica. Three urine samples were collected from each of 16 infants. The specific gravity of individual urine samples ranged from 1.005 through 1.015, with a mean of 1.009 (SD +/- 0.002). Corresponding values for osm...