Purpose Respiratory variation can increase the variability of tumor position and volume, accounting for larger treatment margins and longer treatment times. Audiovisual biofeedback as a breath-hold technique could be used to improve the reproducibility of lung tumor positions at inhalation and exhalation for the radiation therapy of mobile lung tumors. This study aimed to assess the impact of a...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different tar yield cigarette brands on the post-puff inhalation/exhalation depth and duration for established smokers of the brands. The study was conducted with 74 established smokers of 1-17 mg Federal Trade Commission (FTC) tar products. The subjects were participating in a five-day inpatient clinical biomarker study during which time...

Long-term exposure to radon increases the risk of developing lung cancer. There is a considerable public concern about exhalation from building materials and its contribution indoor levels. To address this concern, rates were determined for 24 different samples material commonly used in Al - Diwaniyah, Iraq dwellings, using solid-state nuclear track detectors (CR-39). The highest found Granite ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the reliability of using a cloth tape measure to determine thoracic respiratory excursion as a measurement of chest expansion or mobility. METHODS Physicians and residents experienced in osteopathic manipulative treatment measured thoracic excursion with a cloth tape measure held around the circumference of healthy male subjects' chests at two levels. Upper thoracic excurs...

Trichloroethylene (TCE)1 is an important environmental contaminant, a well established rodent carcinogen, and a "probable human carcinogen". Metabolism of TCE occurs primarily via cytochrome P450 (P450)-dependent oxidation. In vitro studies suggested that CYP2E1 is the principal high-affinity enzyme responsible for TCE metabolism. The objective of the present work is to more directly assess the...

Cyclical recruitment of atelectasis with each breath is thought to contribute to ventilator-associated lung injury. Extrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPe) can maintain alveolar recruitment at end exhalation, but PEEPe depresses cardiac output and increases overdistension. Short exhalation times can also maintain end-expiratory recruitment, but if the mechanism of this recruitment is...

The larval stage of the tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum is entirely aquatic, but the larvae rely on their lungs for a large proportion of their oxygen uptake. X-ray video and pressure measurements from the buccal and body cavities demonstrate that the larvae inspire using a two-stroke buccal pump and exhale actively by contracting the hypaxial musculature to increase body pressure. Larvae b...