Introduction: Amblyopia significantly contributes to low vision and blindness in adults an Indonesian rural setting. The treatment of amblyopia, particularly anisometropic and/or strabismic has long been challenging for many clinicians. This study aims report a promising result refractive correction, occlusion therapy, oral citicoline on mixed amblyopia with optic nerve hypoplasia adult patient...

To the Editors: I read with interest the article, “Analysis of Risk Factors for Consecutive Exotropia and Review of the Literature” by Yurdakul and Ugurlu.1 The authors are to be congratulated in documenting their findings of increased risk factors for the development of consecutive exotropia such as anisometropia, amblyopia, and postoperative adduction defects. The authors reported that “no at...

PURPOSE The aims of this study were to examine the distribution of refractive errors and clinical characteristics of strabismus in Korean patients with Down's syndrome. METHODS A total of 41 Korean patients with Down's syndrome were screened for strabismus and refractive errors in 2009. RESULTS A total of 41 patients with an average age of 11.9 years (range, 2 to 36 years) were screened. Ei...

Purpose: We evaluated the effect of myopia on lateral rectus recession in children with intermittent exotropia.Methods: Medical records patients mild to moderate who underwent for exotropia surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Patients grouped into three groups according their spherical equivalents (SEs) (group 1: SE > -1.0 diopter [D]; group 2: -3.0 D ≥ D; 3: ≤ D). The success rate after ...

Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) is a congenital eye movement anomaly characterized by variable horizontal duction deficits, with narrowing of the palpebral fissure and globe retraction on attempted adduction, occasionally accompanied by upshoot or down-shoot. The etiopathogenesis of this condition can be explained by a spectrum of mechanical, innervational, neurologic and genetic abnormalities ...

The natural course of intermittent exotropia and the factors affecting its control has been unclear. We aim to report the natural course of our cohort of 117 Chinese children with intermittent exotropia and to identify baseline parameters that may have predictive value in the control deterioration of the disease. The visual acuity, spherical equivalent, compliance to orthoptic exercise, angle o...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Surgical correction of ocular alignment in patients with third cranial nerve paralysis is challenging, as the unopposed lateral rectus muscle often pulls the eye back to exotropia following surgery. The authors present a simple surgical approach to overcome this difficulty. This approach is also applicable to removal of unwanted overactivity of the lateral rectus in Duane syndro...

PURPOSE Intermittent exotropia may be decreased by stimulation of accommodative convergence. Once excessive accommodation has been related to myopia, our objective was to evaluate refractive errors changes in children under overcorrecting minus lens therapy. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 21 children with intermittent exotropia was performed. All patients were treated with occlusion,...

PURPOSE This study was conducted to identify the relationship between control grade, stereoacuity and surgical success in basic intermittent exotropia. METHODS This retrospective study involved 44 basic intermittent exotropia patients who underwent strabismus surgery and completed at least 6 months of follow-up. The 44 patients were divided into three subgroups according to their control grad...