Explanatory style (ES) reflects the way people usually explain disparate bad or good events involving the self. The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to test whether ES moderates the effect of perceived ability on students' expectancies and subjective task value, and (b) to explore the mediating effects of success expectancies and subjective task value in the relationships between ES and s...

The present study examined whether the tendency to experience negative affective states combines with smoking outcome expectancies to predict smoking behavior over time. Participants were 121 young adults and resource people recruited from 3 alcohol and drug treatment programs and through community advertisements. Each participant completed 3 interviews over a 4-year period. Results indicated t...

Highly predictive sentential contexts can facilitate the generation of expectancies for low-level physical form-based properties of upcoming linguistic input. When contextual information (such as words in a sentence) constrains upcoming input to a specific syntactic category, words with category-typical physical form-based properties are processed more quickly than category atypical words. We a...

The mechanism of action responsible for hypnotherapy's effect in reducing hot flashes is not yet known. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of response expectancies as a potential mediator. Hypnotizability was also tested as an effect moderator. Data were collected from a sample of 172 postmenopausal women, who had been randomized to receive either a 5-week hypnosis intervention o...

Pavement performance models that can model consistently well across different pavement types, structures, traffic, and environmental conditions as throughout pavements’ lives are essential for the efficient management of transportation infrastructures. However, network data inherently imbalanced, most built on algorithms assume balanced distribution equal error cost. As a result, may vary group...

Expectancies of success are widely thought to influence people's emotional reactions to performance outcomes: The lower one's expectancies, the more delighted one should be following success and the less disappointed one should be following failure. Although this proposition has been accepted almost as a truism, a review of the literature reveals that it has not been tested adequately. In this ...

Using expectancy-value theory, we explored whether parents' perceived expectancies, value, and costs relate to parent involvement in science math activities. We also informal learning varied based on child gender parent's report of having a science, technology, engineering, (STEM)-related career. Specifically, examined the mediating role STEM cost as well parents held STEM-related career outcom...

This introduction describes what the co-editors believe readers can expect in this Special Issue. After beliefs and expectancies are defined, examples of how these constructs influence human thought, feeling, and behavior in legal settings are considered. Brief synopses are provided for the Special Issue papers on beliefs and expectancies regarding alibis, children's testimony behavior, eyewitn...

The current study examined the psychometric properties of the Parental Expectancies Scale (PES) in childhood anxiety disorder and normative samples. The PES is a 20-item self-report instrument that assesses five dimensions of parental expectancies in academic, extra-curricular, household, social, and general success areas. Results indicated that the PES has high test-retest reliability and inte...

Self-efficacy theory asserts that self-efficacy expectancies exert., fowerful influences on behavior and behavior change. The Self-efficacy. Scale was developed to assess generalized self-efficacy expectations. Pre:vious research provided preliminary evidence of the validity and reliabilty of the two subscales of the Self-efficacy Scale. The present study.inves, tigated several predicted concep...